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MoorMan*s 

Hog Book 



INDEX 



ABORTION 

KINDS AND TBEATMENT 60 

PREVENTION OF 34 

BEARDS FROM WHEAT OR BARLEY 71 

BERKSHIRE HOG 18 

BERKSHIRE HOG, RED 25 

BLACK SCOURS IN PIGS 107 

BLIND STAGGERS 88 

BOAR 

CARE AND TREATMENT ..._ SO 

TYPE, BEST BREEDING _ 29 

BREAKING DOWN IN THE BACK 59 

TREATMENT FOR 106 

BREEDING 32 

BROOD SOWS 

ABORTION, PREVENTION OF ... 34 

BREEDING _ „ 32 

CARE AND TBEATMENT 104 

FARROWING _ 37 

GESTATION 35 

GESTATION TABLE FOB HOGS 36 

PREGNANCY _ 35 

TYPE, BEST BREEDING 31 

BULL NOSE „ . . 85 

CARE AND TBEATMENT OF SWINE „ 29-48 

CASTBATION „ 42 

CHESHIBE HOG 26 

CHOLERA, HOG 49 

CONSTIPATION 75 

TREATMENT FOR 95 

COTTONSEED MEAL POISONING 74 

DEVELOPMENT OF OUR HOG OF TODAY 11-28 

DISEASES 49-90 

DRENCH A HOG, HOW TO 101 

DUROC JERSEY HOG 17 

EPILEPSY _ „ 88 

ERGOT POISONING " 72 

ESSEX HOG 26 

EVOLUTION OF THE HOG, THE ORIGIN AND 6 

FARROWING 37 

FATTENING HOGS .....'.!!!.!!!Z.".".";!.."!; ..." 43 

FITS 88 

FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE !!!!Z!i;!;;Z;y.!!;".!'.; 80 

FORCE FEED NO. 1 95 

FORCE FEED NO. 2 97 

GESTATION 35 

GESTATION TABLE FOR HOGS 36 

HAMPSHIRE HOG 21 

HEAT OB SUNSTBOKE 87 

HOGS 

CARE AND TREATMENT 20-48 

DEVELOPMENT OF 11-28 

DISEASES OF " 49.90 

FATTENING 43 

HOUSES 44 

ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OP 6 

HOUSES, HOG AA 

INDIGESTION 70 

INFLAMMATION OF THE UDDEB ~ 89 

INSTRUCTIONS FOR USING MOOBBiAN'S BriNERALmXTURB "" 91-107 

JEFFERSON COUNTY SWINE «aji.iu»i. »1 1U7 

KIDNEY WORMS _ _ _ ii»""i!i~!!i!!"!Z!!!!!";~!;!!"!;!!;!;!;;";;"" I? 



LICE 



70 



LUNG WOBM " fip 

TBEATMENT FOR in9 

LYE POISONING 73 



MEASLES 



86 



MOORMAN'S MINERAL MIXTURE, INSTRUCTIONS FOB USING 91-107 

BLACK SCOURS IN PIGS "oxxmix ax lu/ 

BREAKING DOWN IN THE BACK 106 

BROOD SOWS "■ "" " ind 

CONSTIPATION at 

FORCE FEED NO. 1 .' ~ " or 

FORCE FEED NO. 2 07 

LUNG TROUBLE ,09 

SCOURS IN PIGS, BLACK ....iiZ; " Jo7 

SCOURS IN PIGS, WHITE „.... " i05 



' SELF-rEBDEES, HOW TO USB IN 98 

SICK HOGS, TBEATMEITT FOE 100 

SLOP, HOW TO USB IN _ 106 

SWILL, HOW TO USE IN 106 

TANKAGE, HOW TO USB WITH _ 105 

THUMPS - 103 

BEOOD SOWS 104 

YOUNG PIGS " 103 

TEEATMBNT POE SICK HOGS 100 

VACCINATION, HOW TO USE BEFOSE AND AFTER 106 

WOEMS „ - 95 

MULEFOOTED HOG - - 26 

OEIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF THE HOG _ ~ — 6 

PIGS 

BLACK SCOUES IN - 107 

CAEE OF LITTLE 39 

CASTEATION 42 

THUMPS ™ - 103 

WEANING 41 

WHITE SCOUES IN 78 

TEEATMBNT FOE ...„ „ 105 

PILES 89 

PLAGUE, SWINE _ 56 

POISONING 

COTTONSEED MEAL 74 

BEGOT _ 72 

LYE - 73 

SALT 71 

POLAND CHINA HOG 11 

PEBGNANCT _ ~ 33 

EESPIEATOEY OEGANS. DISEASES OF „ 61 

SALT POISONING „ 71 

SANITAEY EULBS - 54 

SCOUES 

BLACK, IN PIGS 107 

WHITE, IN PIGS 78 

TEEATMBNT FOE _ 105 

SNIFFLES - 85 

SNUFFLES _ _ 85 

SOEE FEET _ 80 

SOEE MOUTH - 79 

SOWS, BEOOD « (SEE BEOOD SOWS) 

SUNSTEOKE „ _ 87 

SWINE PLAGUE 56 

TAMWOETH HOG 22 

THIN BIND HOG 21 

THUMPS 81 

TEEATMBNT FOE -. 103 

TEEATMBNT FOE SICK HOGS „ 100 

TUBBECULOSIS 74 

UDDEE, INFLAMMATION OF THE 89 

WEANING PIGS 41 

WEIGHTS OF VAEIOUS FAEM PEODUCTS 108 

WHITE SCOUES IN PIGS 78 

TEEATMBNT FOE 105 

WHOOPING COUGH ...._ 62 

TEEATMBNT FOE 102 

WORMS „ 62 

KIDNEY 87 

LUNG _ - 62 

BOUND _ 65 

THOENHEAD - 66 

TEEATMBNT FOE 95 

YOEKSHIEE HOO 22 




tit 



HOG BOOK 



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A Treatise on the 



Origin 
Care and Treatment 



AND 



Diseases 
of Swine 



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COPYRIGHTED 1920 
MOORMAN MFG. CO. 

All Rights Reserved 



-710./. 







INTRODUCTION 

This book is for practical, progressive hog raisers. 
It covers the entire field, giving the facts in a nutshell. 

For our subject matter we have drawn from two 
sources. 

FIKST, The recognized scientific authorities, in- 
cluding the U. S. Department of Agriculture, the dif- 
ferent State Experiment Stations, and the veterinary 
and agricultural colleges. 

SECOND, Our own more than thirty-five years' 
business experience, during which time we have been in 
constant touch with the best hog men of the entire 
country. 

We trust you will find this book of peculiar merit 
and great practical value. 

In fact, we believe it stands at the head of its class. 



MoorMan's Hog Book 



PART ONE 



THE ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF 
THE HOG 



Through many years of study and research 
scientists have been able to trace the hog of today back 
through its various stages of development to the animal 
called Elothere, or Giant Pig. Two drawings of this 
animal are to be found on the next page. 

Skeletons of these animals were found petrified in 
stone and under other conditions favorable for petrifi- 
cation. They inhabited the earth before man. Scientists 
who know the amount of flesh that should be on a bone 
of a certain size have made pictures from skeletons 
now in museums. 



TO be healthy, all hogs' bowels must move 
freely and the droppings should mash out on the 
ground when it falls. 



MoorMan's Hog Book 




M o o R M A N ' s Hog Book 




This animal is supposed to have developed from 
the Giant Pig pictured on the preceding page. This 
animal undoubtedly lived thousands of years after the 
time of the Giant Pig. 

Notice this animal somewhat resembles the wild 
boar pictured on the next page. 



The large volume of business done not only 
enables us to be certain of the highest quality 
but also of the most reasonable price. 




This is a dra 
boar which vc 
hog- of today. 

The picture 
duction of bri 
session. They 
boar a few- ye 
one of our sta 



10 Moo R M A N ' s Hog Book 



*'A balanced ration may furnish all the 
necessary feed nutrients, yet the system of the 
hog craves mineral matter. The mineral matter 
is not under control, and in order to make sure 
that the hogs have an abundant supply, free ac- 
cess should be given to a mineral mixture." 

The above was taken from Farmer's Bulle- 
tin 874, revised and printed in April 1920. U. S. 
Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. 

A. T. Kinsley, M. Sc, D. V. S., is a recog- 
nized authority on swine diseases and is one of 
the foremost research workers in the United 
States. He states on page 21 in his book entitled 
"Swine Diseases" that he found the following 
in one hog's stomach: 

40 nails. 1 No. 10 shotgun shell. 

15 staples. 2 buggy-top tacks. 

4 screws. 5 pieces of iron. 

4 nuts. 1 metal picture frame. 

9 pebbles. 6 pieces of zinc. 

1 snap. 8 pieces of wire. 

2 bolts. 1 piece of glass. 
1 brass pin. 1 piece of brass. 
1 piece porcelain. 

This undoubtedly shows a depraved appe- 
tite and surely does indicate the hog was greatly 
in need of mineral matter. 

A good mineral mixture should be kept 
before hogs constantly. It is absolutely neces- 
sary in order to make sure they get the required 
amount of mineral matter to insure the best 
thrifty condition. 



ft Underwood & Underwood. 
Jition to this mineral matter their 

t the right have a trap in which 
p.ngle8. 




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ate and was living a per- 
yvcnty-f ivc to tliirty years 
/vas about five years old. 
ood consisted of animal, 
latter being present in 

I, quick maturing animal, 
r an early death as soon 
you can put him on the 
1. Because of the many 
lie feeds are greatly de- 
ls, calcium, iron and sul- 
i of a mineral mixture, 
ifficient quantity. These 
ones, the blood, the flesh 

experiment stations have 
. shovi^ conclusively that 
addition to his ordinary 
si supplied in the proper 
/eight and to be healthier 
ise received exactly the 



MoorMan's Hog Book 



DEVELOPMENT OF OUR HOG OF 
TODAY 

The domestic hog of today has been developed from 
two earlier types. 

FIRST, the wild boar, or wild hog of Northern 
Europe and Northern Asia where it may still be found. 
It is a very rugged, self-reliant animal, having great 
heart and lung capacity. The male has large tusks and 
heavy shoulders and neck, making him a dangerous 
animal when attacked. His shoulders are protected by 
heavy shields. These wild hogs eat almost everything 
including roots, grass, nuts, fish, snakes, etc. They 
mature slowly and often live to be twenty-five or thirty 
years old. 

SECOND, the other type whose blood enters into 
our modern breeds was from the warmer portions of 
the old world. It is smaller than the wild hog of the 
north, matures sooner and is of finer quality. 

Most of the breeds which we know here were de- 
veloped from the old English hog. (See bottom picture 
on page 12) . Later, our vessels brought hogs from other 
countries also, which were crossed with the types al- 
ready here and from these came several of our present 
day breeds, a brief sketch of which may be of interest. 

POLAND CHINA 

The Poland China breed was developed in Butler 
and Warren Counties, Ohio, between 1830 and 1850. It 
is a blending of the best types of that early day, in- 



It is very hard for hog's bowels to be kept 
too loose. It should always mash out on the 
ground when it falls. 



12 



MoorMan's Hog Book 
















OLD CHINA HOG 









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OLD ENGLISH HOG 



MoorMan's Hog Book 13 

eluding the Bedfordshire, China, Berkshire, Byfield, 
Irish Grazer, Russian, Siamese, Essex and Poland. 

The Bedfordshire was a good size hog and a good 
traveler, the latter being a valuable trait in those days 
of remoteness from market and before hogs were hauled 
to market. In color it was sandy, spotted or striped. It 
had large, flopping ears and matured at from three to 
four years of age. 

The China Hog, although sometimes spotted or 
sandy was usually white. It is said to have originated 
in Pennsylvania and was brought by the Quakers to the 
Miami Valley in 1816. It was a large hog of fine qual- 
ity originally developed from Chinese Swine. (See top 
picture on page 12.) 

The Berkshire was introduced into the Miami Val- 
ley between 1835 and 1840 and contributed largely to 
the formation of the Poland China. 

The Byfield was a large, coarsely built hog, which 
originated in Eastern Massachusetts. The color was 
solid white. 

The Irish Grazer was a blend of the Irish Pig and 
the Yorkshire, Berkshire and some other minor breeds. 
These hogs were mostly white with occasionally a black 
spot. They had a fine coat, upright ears and were 
early-maturing. 

The Russian Hog was also white. In form it was 
large, coarse and rangy. The back was narrow and 
"shed-roofed. *' They were prolific, bearing nine or ten 
pigs at a litter. 

The Sliamese was a sway-back black hog with occa- 
sional white markings. 

The Essex was solid black and produced pork of 
the finest quality. 

The Poland breed seems to have gotten its name 



14 MoorMan's Hog Book 

from the fact that the man who developed it was from 
Poland originally, although at the time he was a farmer 
of Butler County, Ohio. He claimed to have imported 
his original stock from England. The Poland was a 
large, vigorous, early-maturing hog whicL somewhat 
resembled the Berkshire. In color they W3re either red 
or bright sandy. 

Eventually the blending of all these types and 
breeds produced a distinct type which was big and 
strong and matured early. It was spotted in co^or with 
drooping ears and was known under several names, 
such as the Magie Hog, the Miama Valley, the Warren 
County, Butler County, Great Western, Shaker, China, 
etc., etc. 

The Essex and the Berkshire with the upright ears 
were again used in crosses. This fixed the fancy color of 
black with six white points and seems to be the last in- 
stance of the infusion of outside blood in the breed. 

Thus it is seen that not any one man, but the breed- 
ers and farmers in general of the Miama Valley in Ohio 
developed this very useful breed. The packers of Cin- 
cinnati, which was then the center of the pork industry, 
also took great interest in the development of better 
hogs. They even bought and distributed free to the 
farmers many high-class boars of the different types. 

In 1870 a convention of hog men met at Springfield, 
Illinois, and agreed upon the name "Poland China," to 
which many objected. But in 1872 the convention 



The hog of today in any and all parts of the 
country is living a wholly unnatural life as com- 
pared to that of the original hog. 



M oo R M A N ' s Hog Book 



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M o o R M A N ' s Hog Book 




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MoorMan's Hog Book 17 

which met at Indianapolis ratified the name and ended 
the controversy. 

At present there are three types of Poland China 
hogs. The heavy t3rpe, the light or small type, and the 
spotted type. 

One class of breeders has endeavored to produce 
quality, early maturity and smoothness of form. There 
was a tendency to follow this to an extreme with the 
result that the type lost somewhat in size and pro- 
lificacy. This strain is a fancy type with broad back, 
deep, full sides, smooth shoulders, heavy, plump hams, 
short legs, and upright pasterns. The bone is fine and 
the quality of the flesh good. The neck is short, the' 
snout medium in length, the head neat with fancy ears 
which are two-thirds upright and one-third drooping. 

Many breeders refuse to follow the showyard 
standard and are breeding for size, growthiness, and 
prolificacy. The large boned type is longer in the body 
and has longer legs and heavier ears. 

The Spotted Poland China seems to be growing in 
favor. As the name indicates it has gone back to the 
color of the early type. It is similar to the big boned 
type except in color. 

The Poland China is a typical American breed and 
one of the best for crossing with common stock to build 
up a herd. 

DUEOC JERSEY. 

This breed was developed in America from several 
types of red swine which were brought here from differ- 



The hog stands alone as a money maker if 
handled intelligently. 



18 MoorMan's Hog Book 

ent parts of the old world. It is said that one strain of 
red hogs was brought to New Jersey from Africa by a 
slave trading vessel over 200 years ago, and eventually 
New Jersey produced the Jersey Red, long in body, 
slow to mature, but capable of weighing 1,300 lbs at two 
years of age. 

About 1877 the breeders of red hogs in New York 
agreed upon a standard of excellence and chose the 
name Duroc for the type. The Durocs were of medium 
size, very compact, and of a cherry red color. About 
1883 the breeders of these two types, Jersey Red and 
Duroc united and called their breed the Duroc Jersey. 

They are considered rather coarse, but are good 
feeders and grazers and very prolific. They cross well 
with Poland China, Berkshire or Chester White. The 
sows make excellent mothers. 

BERKSHIRE. 

The Berkshire is one of the oldest distinct breeds. 
It originated in Berkshire, England, more than 100 
years ago, but the best strains are now produced in 
America. 

The Berkshire is black and has six white points, 
viz. on feet, face and tip of tail. The face is short and 
dished and the ears are erect or slightly turned for- 
ward. The back is straight and of medium breadth, 
with sides of considerable length. The shoulder is of 
medium thickness and breadth and the ham is deep and 
thick, extending well up to the body and down to the 
hock. The legs are short, straight and strong and set 
well apart. This breed seems to thrive almost any- 
where, as it is being raised in the south and southwest 
as well as in the northern states. It matures early and 
is a good grazer. 



M oo R M A N ' s Hog Book 



19 




20 MoorMan's Hog Book 



FIGHT CONSTIPATION 

When the waste matter 
passes through your hogs 
dry and firm it is then a 
certainty that hundreds of 
pounds of good food is go- 
ing to waste.i 

The poison given off from 
waste matter which stays 
in the hog too long is one of 
the most injurious poisons 
taken into his blood. 

FIGHT CONSTIPATION 



M oo R M A N ' s Hog Book 21 



THE HAMPSHIRE OR THIN RIND HOG. 

This breed may be traced back to the old English 
hog. It was known in the United States at one time as 
th© McKay Hog and the Belted Breed. They were 
black in color with a white belt running around the 
front part of the body, including the shoulders and 
front legs. This was a distinct type over a hundred 
years ago but was crossed with other breeds to such an 
extent that by the beginning of our Civil war it was 
practically impossible to find one of pure blood. It was 
developed again, however, in its original form and was 
named the Thin Rind, probably by the packers because 
the skin was thin, soft and mellow. The American Thin 
Rind Association was incorporated in 1893. 

Characteristics of the Hampshire or Thin Rind 
Hog are as follows: The color is black with a white 
band, four to twelve inches wide, running around the 
body and including the fore legs. It has a small head, 
medium ears, and light jowls with a back of medium 
width. The hams are not as full as the hams of some of 
the heavier breeds and the legs are well set apart. This 
breed is sometimes considered as a medium between 
the lard hog and the bacon hog with a greater tendency 
to the bacon type. It is a good grazer and is quite pro- 
lific. The meat is considered good. 

CHESTER WHITE. 

The Chester White originated in Chester County, 
Penn., nearly 100 years ago. Several strains including 
the English China, the Lincolnshire Curly White and 



Sunshine and more sunshine for all young 
pigs. 



22 MoorMan's Hog Book 

the slow maturing white hog the Quakers brought to 
Chester County about 1812, contributed to this popular 
breed whose chief characteristics are as follows: 

The color is white with an occasional dark spot on 
the skin. In size they vary from medium to large. This 
breed belongs strictly to the fat or lard type, as it pro- 
duces a relatively large amount of fat to lean. The face 
is straight, and the nose is usually long and narrow, the 
ears drooped forward. The body is not very long but is 
compact and smooth throughout. The hams are heavy, 
shoulders smooth, and the back broad. The Chester 
White is considered a good feeder and is one of the most 
prolific of the lard type. Like other white skinned hogs, 
they are liable to sun scald in hot climates. 

YORKSHIRE. 

Practically ©very English or American breed of to- 
day has Yorkshire blood in it. This is one of the breeds 
originated in England by crossing the old English hog 
with the Chinese. 

They are white in color and of three distinct varie- 
ties, viz. the large Yorkshire, the small Yorkshire, and 
Middle or Medium Yorkshire, which is a cross between 
the other two. The large Yorkshire belongs to the 
bacon tjrpe, the small is a lard hog and the Middle is be- 
tween the two. 

THE TAMWORTH. 

The Tamworth is a direct descendant of the Euro- 
pean wild boar. About 1813, Sir Robert Peel, who was 
then Secretary to Ireland, brought specimens to Tam- 
worth, England, from Ireland, where it had existed for 
a long time. It has been developed by selective breed- 
ing and good care. 

Its blood has been kept pure for a longer time per- 
haps than that of any other breed. It has the desirable 



M oo R M A N ' s Hog Book 



23 




24 



MoorMan's Hog Book 




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MoorMan's Hog Book 25 



characteristics of its wild ancestors— a rugged consti- 
tution with vital organs well-developed, active and 
thrifty. It is an unusually large hog, too. It is reported 
that a Tamworth boar in England was killed some time 
ago which weighed 1607 alive and dressed 1,330 lbs. 

The Tamworth is a model bacon type, having long, 
deep body, strong, even back, light shoulders and broad 
hams. The legs, head and neck are also long and coarse 
as compared with some of the lard types. The color of 
the Tamworth is red. They are good rustlers, very pro- 
lific, and the meat is of the highest quality. 

RED BERKSHIRE. 

Kentucky has the honor of originating, or at least 
of preserving intact, this interesting breed. The Red 
Berkshire has been bred pure for 75 years although the 
Kentucky Red Berkshire Association, (Stanford, Ken- 
tucky) was not organized until 1913. 

It is said that these red hogs attracted attention 
about 100 years ago by their sturdiness on the long 
drives of that time and by their fattening qualities. 

The standard is as follows: A jowl that is light, 
neat, firm and tapering from the neck to a point, with 
the face nearly straight, medium width between the 
eyes and a short neck tapering from the shoulder to the 
head; shoulders deep, full and well in line with the back, 
sides straight from shoulder to ham with ribs well 
sprung at top and bottom; belly straight and full, de- 
void of grossness; flank full and running nearly on a 
line with the sides; back straight or slightly arched 
with medium breadth and with nearly uniform thick- 
ness from shoulders to hams and full at the loins with a 
chest deep, large and roomy; girth extending down 
even with line of belly and rump; the latter slightly 



26 IVIoorMan's Hog Book 

rounded from loin to root of tail; ears of medium length, 
thin, straight up or slightly forward; narrow cheeks, 
not full; legs of medium length set squarely under body; 
short pasterns; short toes and firm; color from deep red 
to a pale red; white face, feet and knees are acceptable. 

THE CHESHIRE OR JEFFERSON COUNTY 
SWINE. 

The Cheshire or Jefferson County Swine is con- 
fined largely to the Stat© of New York. Mr. A. C. Clark 
originated the breed by crossing Yorkshire boars on 
sows from Cheshire County, England. 

The Cheshire hog is white, has a long cylindrical 
body, legs of considerable length, ears short, snout 
medium in length and slender and face slightly dished. 
Except in color and snout the Cheshire is very much 
like the Berkshire. 

MULEFOOTED. 

This breed is so called because, instead of having a 
divided hoof like other hogs, it has a solid hoof like that 
of a mule. In other respects it looks very much like the 
Poland China. It seems to be growing in popularity in 
some sections. It is claimed to be immune to cholera, 
but the claim is disputed. 

ESSEX. 

The Essex is a small, chunky hog having short, 
broad back, short deep sides, short legs. The typical 
Essex is a jet black. 

OTHER BREEDS. 

There are several other breeds which have some 
excellent points but as yet are not raised as extensively 
as those mentioned above. Among such minor breeds 
may be mentioned the English, or Black Suffolk, the 
American or White Suffolk, the Victorias and the Lan- 
conshire. 



M oo R M A N ' s Hog Book 



27 




28 



M o o R M A N ' s Hog Book 




MoorMan's Hog Book 29 



PART TWO 



CARE AND TREATMENT 

Several factors contribute to success in swine hus- 
bandry. There are hundreds of little things which in 
the aggregate are of far more importance than any one 
big idea or advantageous condition. We will begin by 
considering the foundation of the herd — ^the boar and 
the brood sows. 

THEBOAE. 

In selecting a boar be sure that he comes ftom a 
strain that is hardy and prolific. Find out how many 
pigs were in the litter of which he was one. See if his 
sire usually got big litters. As an individual he should 
have a masculine head and a well-crested neck, shoul- 
ders developed according to age, although undue 
coarseness of shoulder is not desirable. He should 
definitely show the characteristics of the breed to which 
he belongs. 

The reproductive organs should be well developed 
and an animal with small, indefinitely placed testicles 
should not be used. 

The three most serious defects to avoid in selecting 
a boar are: a small rib cage which will i^event the 
proper development of the vital organs, weak or 
swayed back, and weak pasterns. 



Constipation is one of the hog's greatest enemies 
FIGHT IT. 



30 MoorMan's Hog Book 

Remember that the most vigorous young are pro- 
duced from animals that have reached maturity. A 
boar should not be used for much service until he is at 
least twelve months old, and should not be used ex- 
tensively until he is about two years old. Th©n one ser- 
vice a day is enough and he should be used before being 
fed. A vigorous male may stand two a day for a short 
time but this does not bring the best results. Too much 
service results in pigs being born either weak and puny 
or dead. Frequently poor bone structure is the result. 

To allow the boar to run with the sows is a very 
bad practice at any time, especially during the breeding 
season. He should have his own lot or pasture. It is 
sometimes better for his disposition to let an old sow 
that is not in heat run with him. 

His food should be the kind that will give him 
strength and vitality but not such as will put on too 
much fat. For the best results, he should have grazing 
enough to give him plenty of exercise and sufficient 
other food to keep him in good condition without be- 
coming fat or too heavy and unwieldy. 

A good feed to be used in connection with pasture 
is two pounds of corn per 100 lbs. of live weight, unless 
he is growing or in active service, in which case he 
should have S% tankage or 12% linseed oil meal in 
addition to the com. 

If pasture is not available, give him all the alfalfa 
or cow pea hay he will eat, in addition to a grain ration 
consisting of six parts com, three parts shorts and one 
part tankage. 

This grain ration should be fed in amounts varying 
from two to four pounds per 100 lbs. of live weight ac- 
cording to age and condition of the animal. If neither 



MoorMan's Hog Book 31 

pasture nor hay is available, the ration should consist 
of one -third corn, one- third ground oats and one -third 
shorts to which add 5% tankage or 10% linseed oil 
meal by weight. Either skim milk or butter milk com- 
bined with com makes a balanced ration also. 

By all means he should be given free access to a 
mineral mixture. Such a preparation should furnish 
abundant bone building material, plenty of iron for the 
blood and body, and sulphur for purifying the blood 
and furnishing sulphur for the entire body. The use of 
such a preparation is not so important in any other hog 
as that of the male hog. 

The boar's house and lot should be kept scrupu- 
lously clean and he should be treated for lice and mange 
very frequently. Use a good standard coal tar stock 
dip for both purposes. 

THE BROOD SOW. 

No hog raiser can expect good results unless he 
gives the most careful attention to his brood sows. The 
facts here given apply to the raising of pigs for either 
market or breeding purposes. 

If you want your brood sow to have good size lit- 
ters and to be* a good milker, see that she comes from a 
mother having these qualities and that her sire was 
from such a strain, too, for these things are, to a very 
large extent, family traits. She should have a long body 
with a large rib cage well-arched thus giving plenty of 
room for the proper development of the vital organs. 
Her back should be full and straight or slightly arched, 
no sagging just back of the shoulders. She should be 
wider through the hams than through the shoulders. 
The general frame should not be loosely constructed 



32 MoorMan's Hog Book 

but may be somewhat rangy. Mr. Dawson says in his 
hog book that the ''legs should be straight and set wide 
apart, hoofs round with short pasterns, and standing 
firmly on the toes without dew claws touching." 

The udder should be well developed, for it matters 
not how splendid an individual a sow may be, if she 
cannot furnish plenty of good milk for her young they 
will suffer. Sows vary as to both quality and quantity 
of milk just as cows do. Remember that it costs less to 
keep one sow that raises a litter of eight pigs than two 
sows that raise four each. As to the age of brood sows, 
good ones improve for several years in the number and 
size of pigs to the litter. 

From the records of over 6,000 sows, it was found 
that yearlings averaged 6.65 pigs per litter, and five 
year old sows averaged 8.4 pigs per litter. At the Wis- 
consin Experiment Station the one year old sows aver- 
aged 7.8 pigs per litter with an average weight per 
litter of 14.2. Sows from four to five years of age aver- 
aged nine pigs to the litter with an average weight per 
litter of 26 pounds. As a rule, too, the older sows are 
better mothers. Most of the winning show animals are 
from the older sows. Pigs from gilts do not usually get 
as good a start. G-enerally speaking, sows should not 
be kept after they are eight years old. 

BREEDING. 

If one is equipped with warm buildings, it is well 



The hog of today does not get enough mineral 
out of the food he eats because the land on which 
the food is grown does not contain it. Too many 
crops have been raised. 



MoorMan's Hog Book 33 

to have* the sows commence farrowing about March 1. 
But without good housing, this is not practical. Early 
pigs are large enough to get the most good out of the 
pasture when it comes. Fall pigs should come soon 
enough to enable them to be weaned before cold 
weather. 

Sows should not be bred until pigs are weaned. It 
is well during the mating season to have several breed- 
ing sows together so the period of heat may be readily 
determined. It is a bad practice to permit the boar to 
run with the sows and serve them at will. Not only is 
the male almost sure to perform too many services, thus 
getting smaller and weaker litters, but some sows may 
be missed altogether. 

Gilts should not be bred before they are eight 
months old and not then unless they are thrifty and 
vigorous. 

When she comes in heat, which is about every 21 
days after the pigs are weaned, she should be taken to 
the boar's pasture or quarters and served once only. 
The best time for service is about the middle of the heat 
period which usually lasts from two to four days. A 
breeding crate is recommended for cases where the boar 
and sow differ in size. 

After the sow has been bred she should be given a 
few days' rest alone. During this time her feed should 
be light. 

PREGNANCY. 

During the period of pregnancy the sow should be 
fed with a view to producing bone and muscle and 
tissue; consequently, very little com should be used, but 
rather alfalfa or clover, oats, mill feeds, skim milk or 
butter milk, a little oil meal or tankage, occasionally 



34 MoorMan's Hog Book 

vegetables or roots, pumpkins or cull apples, etc. Feed- 
ing frozen roots, such as carrots and turnips, may cause 
abortion. 

Provide plenty of water at an even temperature 
and plenty of space for exercise. She should have 
plenty of good shade in summer and comfortable, clean, 
dry quarters in winter. 

MoorMan's Mineral Mixture is very helpful not 
only in keeping the sow herself in a better general con- 
dition, but to prevent constipation which is so very 
common and injurious among pregnant sows. Consti- 
pation must be avoided if the sow is to be successful. 

MoorMan's Mineral Mixture supplies the neces- 
sary minerals needed for the development of her un- 
born young; for example, bone phosphate. See special 
brood sow instructions in the back of this book. 

HOW TO CARE FOR SOWS TO PREVENT ABOR- 
TION. 

Pregnant sows are easily injured by a blow or a 
strain. In one instance sows had to step over a six-inch 
board in passing through an opening between their 
yard and pasture. There were many dead pigs at far- 
rowing time and some of the sows died from trouble 
while giving birth. 

In another case, the ground next to the hog pen 
was eight inches lower than the floor, and the brood 
sows had to climb over this step with the result that 
there were dead pigs and dead sows at farrowing time. 

Again, potatoes were dug with a plow and the land, 
left in ridges. Pregnant sows in getting to a pea field 
traveled over these. At farrowing time two sows died 
and there were many dead pigs. 

Frequently, if a boar is allowed to run with the 



MoorMan's Hog Book 35 

SOWS he will cause the same trouble, and it can readily 
be seen why horses and cattle should not be in the same 
lot with them. They should not be kept with other hogs,, 
nor should more than from five to ten be allowed to 
sleep together, as crowding in cold weather may cause 
a loss at farrowing time. Remember, if you expect 
good, strong, healthy pigs, they must be properly taken 
care of before they are born. 

So often after a period of severe weather or cold 
rains we hear farmers say, *'No luck at all with my pigs 
this year. The sows all aborted." We are convinced 
that this is not contagious abortion, but the direct re- 
sult of exposure to cold or storms. Remember, if you 
expect success at farrowing time, you must shelter 
these pregnant sows, especially in bad weather. 

GESTATION. 

Sows vary somewhat in the length of time they 
carry their young. The usual length of time is from 112 
to 118 days, although it may be either a few days under 
or over this period. See table on following page. 



Several times the amount of money lost on 
hogs from all known diseases, is lost because 
hogs do not weigh what they should for the 
amount of food consumed. 



36 



MoorMan's Hog Book 



GESTATION TABLE FOR HOGS. 

The following table is taken from Farmers' Bulle- 
tin 874, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, as revised in April 
1920. 

It shows when a sow is due to farrow counting 112 
days from the day she was served. Find the date sow 
was served, and the date immediately to the right is the 
date she is due. For instance if the sow was served 
Sept. 15th she is due Jan. 4th. 




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MoorMan's Hog Book 37 

FARROWING. 

A record should be kept of each brood sow showing 
the date of breeding, facts about her previous lit- 
ters, etc. 

About the hundredth day after breeding, a sow 
should begin to occupy the farrowing pen at night, so 
she will be accustomed to her quarters when the ordeal 
comes. During the day, however, she should have her 
usual exercise. The com in her ration should be gradu- 
ally decreased until only half of her regular amount is 
fed during the last few days. This part of her ration 
should be replaced by more ground oats, mill feed, etc. 
During the last day of her pregnancy, she should have 
very little food — nothing but lukewarm water. 

Her farrowing pen should have only a small 
amount of bedding which should be clean and free from 
dust. It should also be provided with a fender, a rail- 
ing about eight inches from the wall and eight inches 
high. This should be on at least three sides of the pen 
and must be strong enough to support the weight of the 
sow, should she lie on it. This protects the pigs from 
being laid on. They soon learn to creep under these 
fenders when the sow lays down. 

As the time for birth approaches, the udder and 
teats will become smooth and full, the sow may appear 
restless and will likely collect litter or bedding for her 
bed. A milky substance may be obtained from the 
teats by stripping about 24 hours before farrowing. 
She should now be confined to her place and observed at 
frequent intervals. It is a good idea to handle a sow 
considerably before she farrows so she will not be 
afraid of an attendant. 

After the sow shows signs of sickness she should 
not be disturbed by noise or attention. If she has been 



38 MoorMan's Hog Book 

properly fed and cared for up to this time, instruments 
will rarely be needed. Too much attention may do 
more harm than good. Give nature a chance first. 
Sometimes, however, a pig becomes doubled so it will 
not pass through the opening of the womb. In such 
cases, forceps may be used after being cleaned with a 
solution of some good dip mixed with 20 parts water. 
Great care should be taken not to injure the inner 
lining of the womb or the unborn pig. 

If the hog house is not heated and it is very cold, 
throw a blanket over the sow, provided she will allow it, 
until she is through. Some put hot bricks in a box or 
barrel and put a cloth over the top and put pigs in 
until dry. 

As the little fellows arrive, the attendant should 
promptly secure each one in the folds of a cloth and 
wipe the nostrils and mouth clean of all matter which 
might suffocate- it. Often pigs that seem dead may be 
saved by wiping out the nostrils and mouth, pulling the 
tongue out and inducing artificial breathing by gently 
doubling up or bending the body and blowing air into 
the mouth. 

To the man who is raising and fattening hogs for 
the market, this may seem like a great deal of trouble 
and a waste of time, but it will be found to be time very 
profitably spent. Pigs should be placed to the udder 
as soon as born and encouraged to nurse. If, however, 
the sow is nervous or vicious, it may be necessary to 
gather the pigs as they arrive and remove them for a 
time. They should be kept in a dry, warm place to 



FIGHT CONSTIPATION IN EVERY MONTH 
OF THE YEAR 



MoorMan's Hog Book 39 

prevent chilling and put back with the mother when 
she is through and has become quiet. 

Never permit the sow to eat the afterbirth. It may 
start her eating her pigs. It should be burned or 
buried. 

Very often pigs have two long black teeth on each 
side of each jaw. These ** black teeth" often cause 
considerable trouble either by injuring the udder of the 
sow in their little fights or by making sores on their 
jaws. These teeth should be clipped off as soon as the 
pigs are farrowed. A small pair of tin shears or molar 
pliers may be used. A sharp pocket knife might be used 
if nothing better is at hand. 

In cases requiring special attention, the pigs 
should be allowed to suck every ten or fifteen minutes 
for the first few hours and once an hour for awhile 
afterward. 

The sow should not be disturbed for the first 
twenty-four hours except to give her an occasional 
drink of lukewarm water. On the second day she may 
be given a light slop of mill feed or ground oats. If she 
is overfed at first the pigs are apt to take scours or 
thumps. Pasture, either blue grass, clover or alfalfa is 
very important at this time. If not available, feed 
some clover or alfalfa hay, and some mill stuff or 
ground oats. Com should be added gradually and 
should never be fed exclusively. For three or four 
days the sow should be fed very lightly and should not 
be on full feed for ten days. If the litter is small she 
should still be fed sparingly. She should be fed with 
the purpose in mind of supplying the right amount of 
the right kind of milk. 

CARE OF LITTLE PIGS. 

The most essential element in the care of suckling 



40 MoorMan's Hog Book 

pigs is the condition of the mother. If she is overfed, 
or wrongly fed, the pigs will likely have thumps or 
scours. If she is underfed, they will be weak, or a few 
of the strongest will get so nearly all of the milk that 
the rest will become stunted. 

If the little chaps are doing well by the time they 
are two or three weeks old they will begin to investi- 
gate the feed the sow is eating or to nibble the grass if 
they are on pasture. About this time they should be- 
gin to get additional food. If skim milk is at hand, 
make a thin gruel with shorts. Oats is a dangerous 
feed for pigs under six weeks old. The hulls are too 
sharp for the lining of the stomach and nearly always 
cause trouble. If oats are fed at all before the pigs are 
three or four months old the oats should be ground and 
soaked. After they are five or six weeks old ground 
com and shorts with water, if no milk is available, 
may be fed. 

Make a "creep" or small pen which will admit 
them but not the sow. G-ive them their feed in a low 
trough. Forcing them to eat from a high trough may 
cause a weak back. Be careful not to overfeed, but 
rather leave them just a little hungry after they clean 
up each feed. 

Pigs need MoorMan's Mineral Mixture from the 
very start to prevent constipation, worms, and to make 
sure they get enough of the proper kind of mineral 
matter for developing bone; also as a general con- 
ditioner. Let them get all they want in feeders as early 
as they will eat it. 

It may seem an exaggeration to say that pigs need 
sunshine and fresh air almost as much as food. But it 
is true. Sunshine seems to cause them to fill out and 
have an appearance that no artificial heat can produce. 



MoorMan's Hog Book 4! 

See that their quarters are warm and dry and clean and 
well ventilated; give them range for exercise and when 
they go to market they will pay you with compound 
interest for all of your trouble. 

WEANING PIGS. 

The age at which pigs should be weaned depends 
somewhat on whether the sow is to raise one or two 
litters per year. If she is to raise two they should be 
weaned when about eight weeks of age. 

If only one litter is intended they may suck till 
they are ten or twelve weeks old. 

If they have been fed correctly during the nursing 
period they should be getting most of their sustenance 
from other sources than the mother by the time they 
are eight weeks old. Some hog men allow the pigs to 
run with the sow until she weans them herself. This 
prevents more than one litter a year usually. Another 
way is to take away a few of the pigs at a time, but this 
is not so good for the pigs that are left, for they may^ 
get too much milk. Nor is it good for the mother, for 
each pig usually nurses at a certain teat, very seldom at 
more than two and if the pigs that are left do not ap- 
propriate the teats left by the pigs which have been 
removed, the unused part of the udder may suffer and 
become caked. The best way is to wean the sow from 
the pigs; that is, take her away and let the pigs retain 
their accustomed quarters. Her feed should be re- 
duced the last day they are with her and after they have 
nursed the last time, she should go a day with no feed 
but should have plenty of water. The second day she 
should be allowed a very little feed. If by this time 



Hogs that are healthy make men wealthy. 



42 MoorMan's Hog Book 

she is nicely dried up she may be put on full feed gradu- 
ally. 

The pigs should have an increased amount of the 
rations they have been eating. Skim milk is one of the 
best feeds for this time in connection with shelled corn 
and pasture of clover or alfalfa hay. 

As soon as pigs are completely weaned give them 
the Force Feed No. 1 found on page 95. This must h& 
done even if they do not show outward signs of being 
wormy. 

CASTRATION. 

A pig should be castrated before weaning — prefer- 
ably when he is about six weeks old. Have a good cas- 
trating knife and keep it very sharp. Sterilize it before 
each operation by dipping it in a disinfectant or boiling 
water. The pig should be caught by both hind legs and 
thrown on his left side by tripping him with your right 
foot or leg. The assistant should place his left knee 
upon its neck, hold the right hind leg with his right 
hand, the left hind leg with his left hand. Hold both 
far enough forward to give the operator room to work. 

The operator should take hold of the scrotum or 
bag over the lower testicle first and work the testicle up 
until the bag is tight. Split the bag open from one end 
to the other and clear through the skin around the 
testicle at one gash. Be especially sure to cut open 
the lower end to guarantee perfect drainage. This is 
especially important when castrating large hogs. This 
incision should be through both the outer and inner 
skin and should expose the testicle. Press the testicle 
out with the left hand grasping it with the same hand 
and draw it slowly away from the body. Scrape or cut 
the sheath off the cord. Bruise the cord slightly close 



MoorMan's Hog Book 43 

to the body. Then cut the cord so the bruised point will 
remain as the end of the cord. Hemove the other tes- 
ticle the same way. Some pull the cord completely out 
but the above is the better way especially in the case of 
a large hog. 

An antiseptic made of 1 part MoorMan Stock Dip 
and Disinfectant and 50 parts water should be used in 
washing the affected part immediately after castrating. 

FATTENING HOGS. 

Some feeders believe that pigs should be pushed to 
their limit from the start. The majority of the pro- 
gressive hog men of the country hold that for the grow- 
ing period of the pig's life he should be fed and exer- 
cised with a view of building up bone and muscle, thus 
developing a better frame and constitution. Our ex- 
perience leads us to believe that the latter plan is much 
better. The hog has more vitality and will not be so 
subject to disease at any time. Grow the pig, say for the 
first five months, and he will be better able to stand con- 
finement in a close pen during the heavy fattening 
period. A hog certainly can be fattened on much less 
feed when confined to a close pen. It is, of course, pos- 
sible to carry this idea too far. A good rule is to stop 
growing and begin fattening the hog at the age of five 
monthis. 

Tests seem to show conclusively that other things 
being equal, hogs gain faster when allowed to eat very 
frequently; in fact, whenever they wish, than when 
fed twice a day. Remember that the hog's body is half 
water. They should have access to water all the time, 
as their nature seems to crave a few swallows of water 
frequently. A hog's stomach is too small to hold enough 
water at one time to last him all day. 



44 MoorMan's Hog Book 

Do not try to make your hogs weigh too heavy; say 
let from 250 to 300 lbs. be the limit. The Wisconsin 
Experiment station some time ago compiled the results 
of more than 500 tests made at different stations. More 
than 2,200 hogs were used in these tests. It required 
249 lbs. of feed to make a 200 lb. hog weigh 250 lbs., but 
it required 267^/2 lbs. to make a 300 lb. hog weigh 
350 lbs. 

In the fattening pen, not only the hog's food, but 
his general surroundings are different from those of the 
wild state where he exercises freely and eats grass, 
nuts, roots, mineral matter, etc. During the finishing 
period, he is leading an extremely artificial life, but 
unquestionably it pays big to feed in this way. At no 
time and in no section of this country does the hog of 
today live under natural conditions. 

For this reason, it is highly important to give the 
hog free access at all times to a preparation such as 
MoorMan's Mineral Mixture. It is doubly important 
for the fattening hog. It is absolutely impossible to get 
the most out of the food consumed at this time without 
it. It stimulates and aids digestion and prevents con- 
stipation. 

HOa HOUSES. 

The hog house should be located where it has some 
protection from the north winds. A south hillside or 
the sunny side of a grove, or a spot that is protected by 
other buildings may be selected. 



The idea ''root hog or die" is twenty-five 
years behind the times. 



MoorMan's Hog Book 45 

Another important feature is the drainage. Un- 
less a hog house is so located that the natural drainage 
is practically perfect, the surrounding lot should be 
thoroughly tiled. It is well to lay a tile drain around 
the upper edge if the house is located on a sloping hill- 
side. It is hard to overdo this matter of drainage in 
hog quarters. 

A good type of hog house which can be built 
cheaply is as shown in illustration on next page. This 
house extends east and west and has windows on the 
south, east and west sides. A solid row of windows at 
the south side is better than single windows. There 
should be an offset of the roof on the south side about 
three feet in depth, for a row of windows to admit sun- 
light direct to the north side of the alley. 

The ground floor and general plan for this house 
is as follows: 

The width is 24 feet, the height 10 feet to the eaves, 
and the length as desired, say 40, 48, 56 or 64 feet. 

A tile should be laid around the inside of the foun- 
dation with a suitable outlet before the floor is put in. 

An alley eight feet wide should extend through the 
center the long way. The space on each side of this 
alley is divided into pens eight feet square. Thus, if it 
is 48 feet long, there will be six pens; if 64 feet, eight 
pens, etc. The partitions may be movable thus making 
it possible to convert the pens into a large feeding or 
sleeping room. 

Th© partitions should be about four feet high and 
should have a door opening into the alley. Each pen 
should have a door opening out into individual exercis- 



46 



MoorMan's Hog Book 




MoorMan's Hog Book 



47 




9 
O 

O 

.3 
'3 



o 
o 



48 MoorMan's Hog Book 

ing pens. These doors should be tight. It is not best 
to have doors on the north side of the house because the 
north side of the building is usually cold and damp on 
account of a lack of sunshine. 

The best material for the foundation and floor is 
concrete. But if this is not practical, lumber may be 
used, being careful to lay the planks close and tight and 
sloping enough to drain well. The floor should be 
higher than th© surrounding ground by at least eight 
inches and should be dry and absolutely free from rats. 
The approach to the doors should be graded so sows 
will not be compelled to use an abrupt step. 

If the floors are made of concrete, it should be» 
roughed on the surface and sloped and creased so as to 
provide for draining the moisture to the outside of the 
alley. 

If the cement is too cold and damp, a wooden 
movable floor may be constructed for each pen. These 
platforms should be aired and dried when necessary. 

A railing should be built along the sides of the far- 
rowing pen to protect the little pigs when the mother 
lays down. This should be about eight inches from the 
wall and eight inches high. 

A hog house should be dry and almost air tight to 
prevent drafts. The ventilation should be regulated by 
means of the doors and windows. 



The older the soil, the less mineral in it. Less 
mineral in soil means less mineral in hog feed — 
the reason for a mineral mixture for hogs in 
this country. 



Moor Man's Hog Book 49 



PART THREE 



DISEASES 

Hog Cholera 

The hog is the only animal so far as is known that 
is susceptible to this disease. At one time almost all hog 
diseases were considered cholera but the more progres- 
sive feeders and veterinarians now know that when 
hogs get ''off " they do not necessarily have cholera. 

It is very difficult sometimes to be sure that an at- 
tack of sickness is cholera. Even a post mortem exam- 
ination will not always be proof, as other troubles also 
produce internal conditions very similar to those of 
cholera, for instance hemorrhagic septicaemia. 

The first attack of cholera in the United States, on 
record, occurred in Ohio in 1833. . It was recognized in 
England, however, about 100 years ago and is now 
found not only in Europe but in practically every coun- 
try in which swine are kept. 

We are not absolutely certain yet as to the cause of 
hog cholera. Most authorities believe it is caused by a 
germ so small that it cannot be seen even through the 
most powerful microscope. It is not easily destroyed 
and may survive one winter, possibly longer. It may be 
transmitted by hogs having the disease, or by their 
droppings, urine or discharge from their nose or mouth; 
or by food, water, stock yards or anything else with 
which the diseased hogs have come in contact. 



50 MoorMan's Hog Book 

The genn is injected into the blood when a "double 
treatment" of vaccination is given, consequently such 
hogs will transmit the disease. 

The symptoms of hog cholera are not always the 
same as there are four different types of the disease. 
First, the septicaemic or pure hog cholera; second the 
intestinal; third, the pectoral (pertaining to the breast) ; 
fourth the mixed form. 

In the first type, which is the most severe type, 
animals will sometimes be found dead before the owner 
knows they have it. In ordinary cases the hog is in- 
clined to go off by himself and stand with the back 
arched and the head hanging down (see picture) . They 
may be found with their noses under their bedding and 
their feet tucked up under their belly as though they 
were suffering from abdominal pain. They walk with a 
wabbling gait and often go stumbling about as though 
blind. Sometimes when they are trjring to stand there 
will be a leaning or reeling of the hind quarters or they 
may stand cross legged as though they were trying to 
keep from falling. 

The temperature rises from normal, which is about 
1021/4^ to from 105° to 107° or even higher. The appetite 
fails and vomiting may occur. 

Constipation usually occurs in the first stages due 
to the fever drying the moisture in the intestinal tract. 
This is usually followed by diarrhoea, the discharge 
showing some blood. There is usually an inflammation 
of the eyelids from which comes a secretion that is 
watery at first but soon becomes puss like and some- 
times causes the eyelids to stick together. Red blotches 



The boar is half the herd. 



M oo R M A N * s Hog Book 



51 




A CHOLERA PIG 




KIDNEYS OF DISEASED HOG 



52 



M o o R M A N ' s Hog Book 









o^'ai "it^ ? "' . ' 



■,W 



'-^ft*. - . __««^ 








A COMMON SOURCE OF INFECTION OF ALL KINDS OF 

DISEASE 



MoorMan's Hog Book 53 

may appear on the skin, especially back of the ears or 
on the under side of the neck and belly. 

In the intestinal form the symptoms may be so 
mild as to escape notice. It may kill a hog in a few days 
or the disease may prolong for from three to twelve 
weeks. When the disease lasts for weeks the animal 
becomes weak, appetite fails, large sores may form on 
the back and other parts of the body, the red blotches on 
the skin become dry and hard and slough off. Some- 
times the tail and parts of the ears will come off. 
"~" The symptoms of the pectoral type are the same as 
those first mentioned in pure cholera. In addition to 
the symptoms of pneumonia, the animal coughs and has 
difficulty in breathing. The mixed form of cholera is 
where the first type of pure cholera exists with compli- 
cations of the other two forms. This is perhaps the 
most common form, although all four types may exist in 
the same herd at the same time. Certain small spots on 
the kidneys were first supposed to definitely indicate 
cholera, but these have frequently been found when 
cholera was absent. (See illustration, page 51.) 

An enlarged spleen can no longer be considered 
positive proof, as this sometimes occus because of indi- 
gestion. 

Ulcers or sore places usually are found in the lining 
of the hog's intestines. 

There are sympathetic or cholera glands under the 
lower jaw bone. It is necessary to peel the skin back in 
order to locate them. It is a rather sure sign of cholera 
when they are swollen or inflamed. 



The vital five months of a hog's life are the 
first five. 



54 MoorMan's Hog Book 

TREATMENT FOR HOG CHOLERA. 

If hogs are kept clean and if the "sanitary rules" 
are observed they will not likely contract this disease. 
If, however, cholera breaks out in a herd or if you know 
that they have been exposed there is only one known 
treatment that is successful. That is vaccination. 

A competent veterinarian should be employed for 
this work. Carelessness of a veterinarian in vaccination 
has sometimes helped spread the disease instead of 
checking it. 

When serum alone is used it is called the single 
treatment. It renders the hog immune for from one to 
twelve weeks. The advantage of the single treatment is 
that it does not transmit the disease. 

The double treatment renders the hog immune for 
a much longer time, but if the hog is inoculated with the 
disease at the same time the serum is used, which is 
what is done in the case of "double treatment," it must 
be remembered that you give your hogs the cholera and 
that other hogs which have not been vaccinated will 
contract the disease if exposed to them. 

Sanitary Rules 

Keep the hog house, lot and field clean of all rub- 
bish, manure and straw piles. Haul the manure and 
straw pil^s away. BURN all rubbish. Provide a con- 
crete or wood feeding place and clean it at least three 
times a week. Fill all holes and provide a concrete wal- 
lowing hole. Keep enough dip in the water to prevent 
the hogs from drinking it. 

Mix one part MoorMan's Stock Dip and Disinfect- 
ant to fifty parts water and spray the feeding place and 



MoorMan's Hog Book 55 

hog house once a week immediately after they are 
cleaned. Force all hogs in a small pen once every two 
weeks, the floor of which is covered with str^ and 
soak them with a solution of one gallon of dip to sev- 
enty of water. 

Make sure the hog house is dry and admits sun- 
shine. It should provide plenty of fresh air — no drafts. 
Provide plenty of clean water in sanitary fountains. 
Let all hogs, except fattening hogs, get plenty of ex- 
ercise. 

Disinfect all hogs you buy before they are brought 
home. 

Do not allow your hogs to use a field through which 
a stream flows which flows through a field that is used 
by cholera hogs or hogs having received the "double 
treatment." Neither must they use fields adjoining 
fields or lots used by such hogs. 

Do not keep pigeons, and try to keep crows scared 
away by occasionally shooting at them. 

Keep all callers out of your hog lot if you have sick 
hogs or if the caller has visited other pens. 

If there are sick hogs in the neighborhood, chain 
your dogs. 



A FACT — The price of one bushel of corn in- 
vested in MoorMan's Mineral Mixture will, on an 
average, mean $2.00 extra gain besides paying 
for the original bushel. 



56 MoorMan*s Hog Book 

If you have sick hogs, the keeper should not wear 
his working clothes off the place. Anyone leaving the 
place when your hogs have the cholera should disinfect 
his feet with a strong solution of dip; also disinfect the 
horses' feet and wagon or auto wheels and tires. 

Burn all hogs that die — do not bury them. A hog 
can best be burned by digging a trench in which wood 
can be put. Then put an old mower wheel across the 
trench or something else that will keep the hog from 
falling on the firewood. 

Provide plenty of shade and keep down dust in 
such shades and around feeding places or beds by 
sprinkling lightly with crude oil. Allow it to soak in 
before giving the hogs access. 

Swine Plague 

Swine plague is often confused with hog cholera 
which it resembles in many respects. It is caused, how- 
ever, by an entirely different germ known as the Ba- 
cillus Sinsepticus. Swine plague is not as fatal as 
cholera, neither is it so common. The germ usually 
finds its way into the system through the respiratory 
organs, but it may get in through the digestive tract or 
through the skin. 

SYMPTOMS. 

In most cases of swine plague the symptoms 
closely resemble those of cholera, especially the pec- 
toral form of cholera. The lungs are always affected as 



MoorMan's Mineral Mixture, good at all 
times for all Hogs. j 



M oo R M A N ' s Hog Book 



57 




%^.- 



,1 





'^'^te'^&fr'^ - 






A condition of this kind is a disgrace to any hog raiser 




Every hog raiser should have a concrete wallowing hole and keep a very 
small amount of disinfectant in the water 



58 



MoorMan's Hoc. Book 




The feet should be disinfected after being among cholera hogs. Soak a 

sack in a strong solution of dip, which is a disinfectant 

and then carefully wipe feet 



MoorMan's Hog Book 59 

evidenced by difficult, painful breathing, short, spas- 
modic cough. The temperature is from 3 to 5 degrees 
high also. It is only when the inflammation in the 
lungs is extensive that the hog man can tell it from 
cholera. It may be in a severe form, causing death in 
twelve hours; or in another form it usually ends fatally 
in about one week. Sometimes it becomes chronic and 
lasts from four to six we«ks. 

TREATMENT. 

There is no known cure for swine plague. Keep 
down all dust by spraying with crude oil. Give the en- 
tire herd the treatment found on page 100 under head- 
ing "Treatment For Sick Hogs." This will probably do 
much good. 

Breaking Down in the Back 

Breaking down in the back, or paralysis of the hind 
parts is frequent in growing hogs. One of our most 
eminent authorities considers it a result of not enough 
mineral matter in the food. A hog with this disease 
has soft, spongy bones. The older a country becomes, 
the less mineral matter is found in the soil. Conse- 
quently crops grown on such land will contain less min- 
eral matter than they did years ago. Since it is greatly 
on the increase in this country, it is evident that when 
whole herds are affected, it is caused by a lack of min- 
eral matter. 

It may sometimes be caused by an inflammation of 
the spinal cord, caused by disease or injury, or by a 
parasite existing in the cord. It may come on gradu- 
ally, the first symptoms being an unsteady gait, in 
which the hind legs wabble and get out of line, causing 
the hog to move sideways. It is hard for it to get up 



60 MoorMan's Hog Book 

when lying down. It gets worse until finally it drags 
the hind parts. These cases seem to occur more fre- 
quently of late. One case is reported where a herd of 
two hundred all broke down within ten days. Many 
similar cases have been brought to our attention. 

TREATMENT. 
See page 106. 

Abortion 

Abortion (or slipping the pigs) may be due to some 
accident or mistake in feeding, or it may be caused by a 
germ. In the latter case it is infectious. 

Abortion may be caused: 

1. By keeping sows where they are crowded. 

2. By exposing them to cold or severe weather. 

3. A blow or injury to the belly may cause it or 
where the sow crawls through a small opening or is 
crowded in going through a gate or a door, or where she 
drags the belly in going over a rail or sill, or even in 
having to travel over rough ground. 

4. Kicks or blows or excitement, such as is caused 
by dogs, or other animals in heat, or a boar, may cause 
it. Feeding frozen roots or spoiled food, or food con- 
taining ergot may cause it. It may follow other dis- 
eases such as cholera. 

The form of abortion which is caused by a germ is 
not very common. In case it occurs, care should be 
taken to keep the well ones separated from the ones 
which have aborted. 



MoorMan's Mineral Mixture makes good 
hogs better. 



MoorMan's Hog Book 61 

SYMPTOMS. 

The symptoms vary according to the state of preg- 
nancy. If caused by an injury, the sow acts sick and 
may tremble or shiver at the last. The birth may be 
difficult. Abortion in the form caused by a germ is not 
likely to cause much of a disturbance. 

TREATMENT. 

Little can be done to check abortion after the dis- 
turbance has begun. She should be kept quiet and as 
comfortable as possible. It is best to remove her from 
the herd to prevent spreading in case it is the infectious 
form. The afterbirth and dead pigs should be burned 
and the pen disinfected. 

Diseases of the Respiratory Organs 

These include "cold in the head" or catarrh, sore 
throat, pneumonia, which is also known as inflamma- 
tion of the lungs, or lung fever, bronchitis and pleurisy. 
One or more of these may attack very suddenly. 

Hogs "catch cold" from being exposed to bad 
weather or from draughts, especially if they are over- 
heated. We knew of a farmer whose herd took a severe 
cold from being exposed to the first freeze of the season. 
He became alarmed and arranged for vaccination with 
a heavy loss as a result. 

Hogs sleeping around straw stacks or manure piles 
are apt to get too warm and chill when they get out. 
Dust, especially from sleeping quarters, is apt to irri- 
tate the air passages and is a common source of germs. 
Dust around sleeping quarters should be kept down by 
lightly sprinkling crude oil. Exercising fat hogs too 
much when they are not used to it often causes lung 
trouble. 



62 MoorMan's Hog Book 



The symptoms differ in some respects, but these 
diseases are generally indicated by difficult breathing, 
coughing or sneezing, loss of appetite, more or less 
fever, eyes becoming red and watery. 

The only practical treatment for this class of dis- 
ease is given on page 102 under head of **Lung 
Trouble." 

Lung Worm or Whooping^Cough 

This is a small, threadlike worm, white or brown- 
ish white in color and from an inch to an inch and a half 
in length. Its life history is not thoroughly understood 
but it is much more common than is usually supposed. 
The lungs of a thousand hogs were inspected in a 
Kansas City slaughter house and about six hundred of 
them were affected. Young hogs are more susceptible 
but swine of any age may suffer an attack. 

The most prominent symptom is a cough which 
usually comes on after leaving the bed, or after exer- 
cising or eating. Sometimes the coughing is so severe 
that it has given rise to the term * 'whooping cough.'" 
The pig may put his nose to the ground and press hard 
while coughing and either vomit or expel mucous. 

For treatment, see full instructions on page 102. 

Worms 

For practical purposes we only deal with two kinds 
of intestinal worms, the common round and thornhead. 
When these are prevented all others will also be pre- 
vented. 



MoorMan's Hog Worm Expeller is furnished 
and used only with MoorMan's Mineral Mixture. 



M o o R M A N ' s Hog Book 



63 



^. 



i'^ 




F*''< 



^; 




The intestines of a five weeks old pig completely 
filled with common round worms 



64 



M oo R M A N ' s Hog Book 




-^^ /Ji^ ^ 



Every cavity of this liver is completely filled with common round 

worms. It was taken from a shoat three 

months old 



MoorMan's Hog Book 65 

Almost all swine are furnishing a living for at least 
a few worms in the intestines and in most cases many. 
These produce injury in several ways. First, they take 
food which the hog itself should use. Second, by at- 
taching themselves to the walls of the intestines they 
cause inflammation and ulcers and sometimes holes in 
the intestines result. Third, they obstruct the intes- 
tine or duct leading from the liver. Fourth, they throw 
off a poison which is taken up by the blood. 

Common Round Worms 

The common round worm is a parasite of the small 
intestine although a few may find their way into the 
large intestine and pass out. In extreme cases they 
migrate to the stomach and liver completely filling 
every cavity of the latter. As many as seventy-five 
have been found in one hog. 

Pigs weighing from 25 to 100 lbs. are the most fre- 
quent sufferers, although they are found more or less 
in practically all hogs. In color they are white or 
pinkish white; in size they are from 6 to 12 inches long, 
the smaller ones being the males. 

SYMPTOMS. 

If there are only a few worms no marked symp- 
toms may be noticed. Nevertheless, injury is done. If 
they are present in large numbers, the hog becomes 
restless and nervous and shows signs of indigestion. If 
the duct from the liver is obstructed, there will be indi- 
gestion and jaundice or the yellows. 



For worms use MoorMan's Mineral Mixture. 



66 M o o R M A N ' s Hog Book 

The surest indication is an occasional worm in the 
droppings. Long, rough hair and a general stunted 
look may indicate there are worms, but does not prove 
that such is the case. 

Pigs which are kept in dirty pens or lots and eat 
from filthy troughs and drink impure water or wallow 
in dirty water, or which sle*ep and root around manure 
and straw piles are almost sure to have them. Alfalfa 
or red clover furnishes an excellent source of infec- 
tion. The eggs are found on all food. This worm comes 
from an egg not a germ. 

TREATMENT. 

It is possible to reduce the chances of infection by 
the practice of sanitary methods, but it is easy to see 
that the chance cannot be eliminated. FIRST: a 
healthy body is necessary as a hog in a rundown condi- 
tion is an easy prey. SECOND: A worm poison must 
be taken into the body daily. Do not try to depend upon 
expelling them by the use of a worm expeller. They 
must be prevented. MoorMan's Mineral Mixture is a 
perfect preparation for this purpose. 

Thornhead 

The thornhead worm is mainly a parasite of the 
small intestine, but is sometimes also found in the large 
intestine. It is usually attached to the intestinal wall 
by means of its proboscis which has several rows of 
hooks, hence its name — the thornhead. 



M o o F', Man's Ho o p, o o k 



67 





^ii.|lfilMnMfc»»°~ 



The male and female thornhead worms attached 

to the lining of the intestines. The small worm 

is the male and the large the female 



68 



MoorMan's Hog Book 




There were twenty-four thornheaded worms from which th.s 

specimen was taken. This is about as many of this typ2 

of worm ever found in one hog. 



MoorMan's Hog Book 69 



The female when full grown is ten or eleven inches 
long and is the largest worm that infests hogs. The 
average length of the male is only about three inches. 
The thomhead is a thick, cylindrical white worm, 
wrinkled across, which tapers from the head to a blunt 
point at the tail. 

Thomheads are not found in as large numbers as 
the common round worm. It is unusual to find more 
than five or six of them in one animal. This number 
will cause more trouble than a larger number of com- 
mon round worms. 

INFECTION. 

. The female deposits the eggs in the hog's intestines 
from which they pass out with the droppings. The eggs 
are eaten by white grubs. Hogs in rooting around 
manure piles and sod pasture discover and eat the white 
grub and thus the larvae of the thomhead is liberated 
by digestive juices and finally reaches the small in- 
testines where it becomes a parasite. 

SYMPTOMS. 

An animal having a thomheaded worm will usu- 
ally show signs of pain as this parasite moves about and 
attaches itself in different places until it buries its 
head. It does not cause the hog to become weak and 
rundown although it greatly upsets the digestive ap- 
paratus. 

TREATMENT. 

This worm must be prevented or removed when it 
is not attached to the intestines as it cannot be expelled 
after the head is firmly attached. 



70 MoorMan's Hog Book 



Lice 

The hog louse when grown is about one-fourth inch 
long and may appear at any season of the year and may 
thrive on hogs of any age, whether in good condition 
or not. They are blood suckers and make hogs more 
likely to contract disease. 

The louse is usually found where the skin is thin 
as behind the ears, along the neck, back of the shoul- 
ders and in the creases on the lower part of the ham. If 
a hog or pig is unthrifty, they multiply very fast. The 
bite is very irritating. 

The eggs or nits are attached to the hair or bristles 
and can only be destroyed by fire. It perhaps takes 
from one to three weeks for them to hatch. 

It is more difficult to kill the lice scattered around 
the hog houses, pens, lots, etc., than the ones on the 
hogs. Where a herd is badly infested all bedding should 
be burned and loose floors and partitions torn out. Old 
boards and rubbish should be burned and the quarters 
thoroughly disinfected by spraying with a good stock 
dip according to directions. 

The hogs should be dipped or sprayed in the same 
solution. To spray hogs for lice, put them in a close, 
clean pen, the floor of which is covered with straw, and 
spray thoroughly. This should be repeated twice at 
intervals of ten days to destroy the young lice which 
hatch after the first treatment. 



MoorMan's Hog Worm Expeller makes 
worms go and the Mixture makes hogs grow. 



MoorMan's Hog Book 71 



Beards from Wheat or Barley 

Sometimes hogs which have access to wheat or 
barley stubble or strawstacks get beards stuck in the 
mouth, throat, lar3nix or stomach. In some cases this 
causes a sore mouth or throat, in others it causes a gen- 
eral disturbance of the stomach and intestines. It may 
cause difficult breathing. Sometimes the beards form 
a roll or ball and work down towards the base of the 
tongue or into the stomach or air passages. 

TREATMENT. 

Remove the beards if possible by opening the 
mouth with a large stick placed crosswise in it remov- 
ing the beard with a long forceps-like instrument. If 
the beards are far down in the air passages or stomach, 
the animal is almost sure to die. 

Poisoning 

Salt Poisoning. 

Salt is perhaps the most frequent cause of poison- 
ing hogs. Less than one-half pound may produce fatal 
results. It produces intense inflammation of the stom- 
ach and intestines. It usually occurs when hogs have 
not had access to salt for several weeks, or to some 
preparation which takes its place. They simply eat too 
much. It occasionally occurs from eating garbage and 
very frequently from drinking the brine of ice cream 
freezers which are allowed to stand in yard or lot used 
by hogs. Brine from meat barrels or fish kegs seems to 
be relished by swine and produces poisoning as de- 
scribed above. Brine is thought to contain other ingre- 
dients which are poisonous to hogs also. 



72 MoorMan's Hog Book 

SYMPTOMS. 

The animal very soon shows intense thirst, is rest- 
less, runs about, lies down, gets up, and sometimes 
stamps the feet and squeals. Vomiting nearly always 
happens and unless death occurs soon, diarrhoea will 
likely follow. 

TREATMENT. 

The treatment consists in causing the animal to 
vomit which may be done by giving it ten to fifteen 
grains of sulphate of zinc in a little warm water. The 
hog should have plenty of water to drink, and oils or 
flaxseed tea may be given to relieve the irritation. 
Rectal injections are also helpful in cases of several 
hours standing. If the hog acts stupid a stimulant 
should be used. 

Ergot Poisoning 

Ergot Poisoning of Rye and Other Cereals. 

Ergot is a fungous growth which occasionally 
grows in the place of the grain of rye, wheat and other 
cereals. It is found in screenings from threshing ma- 
chines or elevators and may some years be found on rye 
pasture. It is a severe poison to any hog and especially 
injurious to pregnant sows. 

SYMPTOMS. 

The symptoms are stiffness, lameness, tender 
joints and feet and gangrene of different parts of the 
body. Red spots that finally become black and dead 
appear on the skin. The gangrene causes part of the 
ears and tail to drop off. The mouth may be sore and 
the eyes swollen also. 



MoorMan's Hog Book 73 

TREATMENT. 

Find where the ergot is coming from and shut off 
that part of the feed. If the weather is cold, furnish 
warm quarters. Iodide of potassium may be given in 
slop twice a day until a cure is affected or death results. 
Ten or fifteen grains is a dose. 

Lye Poisoning 

Farmers sometimes think they can handle the 
worm situation by lye. Worms can be expelled by its 
use, but it cannot be done without positive and perma- 
nent injury to the walls of the intestines. It is very 
likely to injure the entire herd. Sometimes it may 
escape notice but the intestines are permanently in- 
jured just the same. Lye should never be used in any 
form. You may escape noticeable trouble for several 
years, but you are sure to injure hogs in some degree 
in time. Lye has killed many hogs which were sup- 
posed to have died from cholera, as the symptoms are 
very similar. Very often, wash water and especially 
"dish water" containing washing powders or lye form 
a large part of the swill. 

SYMPTOMS. 

The sjrmptoms are restlessness, vomiting, diar- 
rhoea, high temperature, lameness and partial paralysis 
of the entire body, or paralysis of some limb. 

TREATMENT. 

The treatment is mostly preventive; that is, do not 
feed slops containing washing powder or lye. Vomiting 
should be induced as early as possible by giving ten to 



74 MoorMan's Hog Book 

fifteen grains of sulphate of zinc in a little warm water. 
If this is not at hand, a table spoonful! of vinegar may 
be given to each hog to neutralize the alkaline sub- 
stances. 

Cottonseed MeaE 

Two weeks at a time is long enough to feed cotton- 
seed meal to hogs. Longer than this is apt to cause 
fatal results. The symptoms are staggering, weakness, 
blindness, walking in a circle and running into 
fences, etc. 

TREATMENT. 

This form of poisoning is not as yet well under- 
stood. Give plenty of exercise and change feed; if pos- 
sible give access to green feed. Give a good physic with 
MoorMan's Mineral Mixture by putting it in the drink- 
ing water or by forcing them to take a large quantity 
mixed in a small amount of feed. If the hogs get well do 
not give any more cotton seed meal. 

Tuberculosis 

Tuberculosis is common among dairy cows. Dairy- 
ing has increased of late years and skim milk or butter- 
milk from creameries is often fed to swine. This is the 
most common source of tuberculosis among hogs. If 
only one herd is tubercular of all the cows whose milk is 
taken to the creamery, it may infect every herd of hogs 
being fed the skim milk. It seems to be on the increase. 

Among larger hogs, it is more commonly found in 
the fat ones than in light ones. 

They often appear in perfect health and in such 
cases it is only after they are killed that the disease is 
discovered. 

If a sow has tuberculosis her pigs are likely to take 



MoorMan's Hog Book 75 



it from her milk. Hogs also sometimes contract the dis- 
ease by breathing the air that has been exhaled by a 
sick hog. 

While it is undoubtedly caused by a certain germ, 
it develops more readily under unsanitary conditions 
such as crowded pens, or filth or lack of sunshine. 
Early forcing may weaken a pig's resistance, too. 

When pigs become infected from nursing a tuber- 
cular mother, they show distinct symptoms as con- 
trasted with older hogs. They become stunted, "pot- 
bellied" and thin. The skin may be covered with 
crusts, and vomiting or diarrhoea or other digestive 
disorders may occur. 

SY3J1PT0MS. 

It is practically impossible to be sure of the pres- 
ence of this disease without the tuberculin test or a post 
mortem examination. 

TREATMENT. 

There is just one way to fight this disease and that 
is to prevent it. This can be done by observing the rules 
of sanitation, keeping healthy hogs from coming in con- 
tact with diseased ones, and to cook thoroughly any 
suspected food such as garbage or milk. The germ is 
killed by boiling— not simply heating— for 15 minutes. 

Constipation 

Constipation is directly or indirectly perhaps the 
source of more diseases and suffering in the HUMAN 



Use MoorMan's Mineral Mixture— more 
pounds — more dollars. 



76 MoorMan's Hog Book 

FAMILY than any other one factor, and the same is 
true of swine. 

Pregnant sows are almost sure to be constipated, 
especially just before farrowing. A hog need not neces- 
sarily have difficulty or strain in passing the waste 
matter in order to be constipated. That, of course, is 
conclusive proof, but it is not the test. 

Hogs, especially those that are being fattened, 
SHOULD HAVE A BOWEL MOVEMENT ALMOST 
HOURLY AND THE DROPPINGS SHOULD BE 
SOFT, NOT HARD OR CAKED. Many hog men think 
their hogs' bowels are in perfect condition when they 
are in very bad shape. 

Constipation may result from a great number of 
causes; for example, not enough exercise, too much of 
one kind of feed, such as com, grass that is somewhat 
dry instead of green and succulent, worms, indigestion, 
or the tendency may be inherited. The feeding of soft 
coal is a very common cause. 

RESULTS. 

If its results and losses both direct and indirect for 
a year could all happen and be seen in a week, we 
would consider it one of the worst, we may almost say, 
THE worst calamity known to hog raisers. The fact 
that it is doing harm every day, instead of all at once 
is the reason we put up with it. Worms and indigestion 
are in the majority of cases either the direct or indirect 
results of constipation. 

It causes poisons to be held in the system and ab- 
sorbed absolutely contrary to nature's plan. Thus the 
blood is made impure and no part of the body can be at 
its best with the life fluid carrying poison and harmful 
bacteria. The liver becomes torpid and the system fre- 
quently becomes feverish. 



78 MoorMan's Hog Book 

Whatever the cause of constipation and whatever 
form it may take, you can absolutely depend upon this: 
MoorMan's Mineral Mixture used as directed will re- 
lieve it. See complete instructions in back of this book. 

Indigestion 

Indigestion comes from spoiled feed or swill which 
contains injurious substances such as washing powder 
and soap or decaying garbage, over-eating, straight 
com diet, intestinal worms, constipation and poor care 
such as exposure or filthy surroundings. 

SYMPTOMS. 

Some of the symptoms of indigestion resemble 
those of cholera in its first stages. To distinguish it 
from this and other serious troubles, is at times a very 
hard task. Entire herds are frequently attacked. 

TREATMENT. 

It is impossible for the practical man to handle this 
disease in any but a general way. Use a Mineral Mix- 
ture which will control it. 

White Scours in Pigs 

In the pig we have the making of a hog. And for 
every pig that dies there will be one less hog to market. 
One of the most serious troubles of young pigs is white 
scours. Constipation in the sow will cause white scours 
in pigs almost without fail. It is often caused by giving 
the mother the wrong kind of food or too much food. 
Too much com or other rich food should be avoided. If 



MoorMan's Mineral Mixture makes a bushel 
of com worth 20% more. 



MoorMan's Hog Book 79 

the sow is constipated it may so change her milk that it 
will cause scours in the litter. Changing the feed sud- 
denly or feeding dirty slop or using dirty troughs or 
swill barrels is apt to cause diarrhoea in either nursing 
pigs or those that are weaned. 

Unsanitary conditions, such as damp, dark, dirty 
pens often produce this trouble. 

TREATMENT. 

Keep the sow in perfect condition through the use 
of MoorMan's Mineral Mixture and you will take the 
longest step possible in preventing this disease in pigs. 
Virtually everything depends upon this. 

Provide dry, clean quarters; see that they have 
plenty of pure air and sunshine and see that the 
mother's milk is right, thus preventing the scours. 

If the disease occurs, see that the condition of the 
mother is corrected. Three drops of laudanum on the 
tongues of the pigs, or from half to a teaspoonf ul given 
to the sow is sometimes necessary. See complete direc- 
tions page 105. 

Sore Mouth 

Sore mouth may be caused by unhealthy slops or 
dirty water such as is found in foul wallows or water 
from feeding lots or manure piles. 

The beards on barley or wheat may cause inflam- 
mation of the mouth. 

SYMPTOMS. 

At first the mouth is hot and red and dry. Small 
inflamed patches may be seen on the inside of the 
mouth. Then the saliva is seen dropping from the 
mouth which has a bad odor and the animal loses appe- 



80 MoorMan's Hog Book 

tite. It may clamp its jaws or run the nose and mouth 
into water trying to find relief. 

TREATMENT. 

Furnish plenty of clean water, and a small amount 
of clean, sloppy feeds. Wash the mouth with one part 
dip to 100 parts water twice daily. 

Sore Feet 

Driving hogs over rough roads or keeping them on 
hard floors may cause sore feet. Hogs kept in filthy 
lots sometimes suffer from this disease too, as germs 
enter the softened tissue between the claws, causing 
inflammation. 

TREATMENT. 

They should be removed from the cause and once a 
day be driven through a mild solution of a good coal 
tar dip of one part water and 20 parts dip. 

Foot and Mouth Disease 

This is a very contagious disease which principally 
affects cattle and sheep. Hogs are subject to it also and 
sometimes horses, dogs and other animals. 

It is found extensively in some of the European 
countries, and has appeared in the United States six 
times, viz., in 1870, 1880, 1884, 1902, 1908 and 1914. 
In the last outbreak several centers of infection were 
established by using anti-hog cholera serum that had 
been made from affected hogs. The disease appears in 
two forms, one of which is more severe and is called the 
malignant form; the less severe form is called the 
benign. Hogs usually have the less severe form. 

It is caused by a virus which is not as yet very well 
understood. This virus is found in the watery fluid 
contained in the little sores in the mouth or on the feet 



Moo R M A N *s Hog Book 81 

of affected animals. This virus will retain its vitality a 
long time in buildings or lots that have not been disin- 
fected. 

SYMPTOMS. 
The most common symptoms of this disease in 
hogs is lameness. The animals dislike to walk and if 
compelled to do so will probably walk on their toes. 

Vesicles (the little sacks containing the watery 
fluid from the size of a grain of wheat to a pea) may be 
found around the edge of the hoof and between the 
toes. 

These vesicles usually do not last long, but break 
and peel off leaving a raw surface. These vesicles may 
sometimes be found around the nose and in the mouth. 

The disease usually lasts in hogs from one to three 
we<eks but may last longer. Ordinarily it is not fatal 
unless complicated with some other disease. The ani- 
mals, however, lose flesh rapidly. 
TREATMENT. 

There is no known treatment that will cure. The 
animals are always killed and burned, and the premises 
properly disinfected. Since it is a new disease in this 
country and methods of disinfection are not standard- 
ized we do not give a specific method. This is always 
taken care of by government authorities. 

Thumps 

This is a very common trouble among young hogs 
that are overfed or do not have enough exercise. It may 
be from a sudden violent beating of the heart or from a 
spasm of the diaphragm. The latter causes a jerking 
movement of the flank so violent at times as to move 
the body considerably. A straight com ration without 
a mineral mixture or the lack of exercise are the chief 
causes. 



82 MoorMan's Hog Book 

TREATMENT. 

When a few hogs have the thumps give the entire 
herd the treatment found on page 103. After this treat- 
ment be sure to follow by providing a radical change of 
diet. Put them on grass for a few days or weeks if 
possible. 

Rheumatism 

Hogs apparently are not as subject to rheumatism 
as some of our other domestic animals. This is probably 
due to the fact that their fat is a protection. 

Undue exposure undoubtedly helps to bring on an 
attack of rheumatism but the later authorities hold 
that there must also be some other cause such as a germ 
or injurious chemical substance which are absorbed. 

SYMPTOMS. 

The principal symptoms are lameness which seems 
to get from one leg to another. There is evidence of se- 
vere pain also. Sometimes there is a swollen condi- 
tion of the hock, the knee or joints of the foot. In se- 
vere cases the animal loses appetite and dreads moving 
about. 

TREATMENT. 

The preventive treatment is to provide dry, clean 
quarters and to avoid exposure in severe weather. 
Keep bowels loose by putting 14 pound MoorMan^s 
Mineral Mixture to each hog in the drinking water. 
Grive clean, sloppy foods. 

Rickets 

This is a disease of the bones caused by a lack of 



Use MoorMan's Mineral Mixture right — it pays. 



M o o R M A N ' s Hog Book 



83 




C 
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a 

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84 



MoorMan's Hog Book 




MoorMan's Hog Book 85 

mineral matter and is usually confined to young pigs. 
There is an enlargement or distortion of the joints and 
bones. The bones are soft and so spongy that one can 
cut them easily with a knife. 

It is caused from a lack of mineral matter for bone 
building. One form of rickets seems very similar to 
"bull nose" and to "breaking down in the back" all of 
which come from a lack of development of the bones. 

SYMPTOMS. 

The weakness of the bones is shown by bending of 
the legs or breaking down upon the feet. The back may 
be arched or sagged. The head and face may be out of 
shape. There may be nervous disturbance such as diz- 
ziness or convulsions. 

TREATMENT. 

In its early stages this disease can be controlled 
fairly well, but it must be taken in hand early. Pro- 
vide sanitary quarters and a balanced ration. Give two 
or three doses of % pound of MoorMan's Mineral Mix- 
ture to each hog in the feed. Also put some of the Mix- 
ture in the drinking water. This is especially valuable 
here, as MoorMan's Mineral Mixture is strong in bone 
building materials which is often lacking in food. Ad- 
vanced cases cannot be cured. 

Preventive treatment is much more effective than 
an attempt to cure. Use MoorMan's Mineral Mixture 
constantly to prevent all diseases caused from a lack of 
mineral matter. 

Sniffles or Snuffles or Bull Nose 

This disease is not very well understood as yet. It 
is characterized by difficult, noisy breathing. When 
the pig lies down the discharge accumulates in the 



86 MoorMan's Hog Book 

nasal cavities and causes it to cough and blow the nose 
when it gets up. The face and nose become swollen and 
out of shape. It is caused by a germ. 

After the disease is well advanced a complete cure 
is almost impossible. Some few pigs may survive but 
they will be runts. 

Both time and trouble are usually saved by de- 
strojring the pigs thus affected. 

Some authorities consider the disease contagious. 
Other investigators incline to the opinion that the 
CONDITIONS which give rise to the trouble in one pig 
may also affect others. 

Measles 

Scientific Nam© — Cysticercosis. 

The so-called measles in swine results from the 
cystic form of the tape worm. It prevails in practically 
all countries. 

The tape worm lives in the intestinal tract of the 
human family. The eggs pass out with the fecal matter 
and are eaten by swine. The digestive juices dissolve 
the shells of the eggs and six hooked embryos bore' 
through the walls of the stomach, some entering the 
blood vessels, thus reaching all parts of the body. Those 
which reach the muscles take the form of a cyst and 
develop first to the size of a pinhead in about twenty 
dayTs and in two months it is the size of a small pea. In 
three months it is matured. If a human eats raw pork 
containing one of these bladder worms, it develops into 
a tape worm from which in from three to five months a 
mature segment containing from 10,000 to 20,000 eg^ 
would be thrown off. 

Blindness and symptoms of rabies have been re- 
ported in cases of general infection and finally death. 



MoorMan's Hog Book 87 

SYMPTOMS. 

There are no definite symptoms. Examine the 
membrane of the mouth, especially around the tongue. 
If the tissues are affected, small pimples may be 
noticed. 

TREATMENT. 

All that can be done is to prevent contamination of 
swine food and water with human excrement. There 
is no known cure after the embryo gets to the muscles. 
Kill affected hogs. 

Kidney Worms 

The kidney worm is found in the kidneys and the 
fat around the kidneys. It is from one to two inches in 
length. 

It was formerly supposed that kidney worms 
caused breaking down in the back, but this is not cor- 
rect. Neither does it cause or indicate cholera. 

There are no symptoms in the living animal by 
which we can detect this parasite, nor is there any ef- 
fective medical treatment. 

Heat or Sunstroke 

This may be caused by crowding in wagons or cars 
or by exercising hogs not accustomed to it during the 
warm weather. They may also suffer from the sun 
when in pasture or yards if there is no shade. 



MoorMan's Mineral Mixture makes more 
pounds of pork from exactly the same amount 
and kind of food. 



88 MoorMan's Hog Book 

SYMPTOMS. 

The usual symptoms are depression, uncertain gait 
and rapid breathing at first, followed by trembling of 
the muscles, falling down and convulsions. In some 
cases the animal dies almost immediately. In other 
cases it may live a few days, and occasionally one 
recovers. 

TREATMENT. 

Place the animal in the shade, and apply a very 
small amount of cool water, but not cold, to the body, 
and if possible put an ice pack on the head. If the hog 
or hogs are not down and you can give them access to 
water, allow them to use it as they will not injure 
themselves. 

Blind Staggers 

Blind staggers is a sympton of disease usually of 
the brain. It is sometimes caused by a parasite which 
has become embedded in the brain. It may result from 
chronic indigestion. 

SYMPTOMS. 

The animal suffers from attacks of blindness, jerks 
its head upward, turns in a circle, running and falling 
on the side or rolling over and over. 

TREATMENT. 

Hogs having the blind staggers become unthrifty. 
The treatment is the same as the disease of which it is a 
symptom. The bowels should be kept loose. If the at- 
tacks occur often it is best to kill the animal. 

Fits or Epilepsy 

This disease may result from an injury to the brain 



MoorMan's Hog Book 89 

or spinal cord. Worms are perhaps the most common 
cause of spasms in young pigs. 

SYMPTOMS. 

The convulsive movements usually begin in the 
muscles of the head and legs. At first there is a jerking 
of the muscles of the face, clamping of the jaws and an 
unsteady walk. Suddenly the animal falls, the head is 
thrown back, the legs stick out, saliva runs from the 
mouth, and urine is passed. Breathing is difficult. 

TREATMENT. 

Throw cold water on the animal's head or immerse 
the body in warm water. 

Inflammation of the Udder 

This is caused by not removing all of the milk from 
the udder. It may happen when a sow has lost part of 
her litter, or when a teat is obstructed, or from an in- 
jury, or infection by germs. 

TREATMENT. 

Milking the sow's udder two or three times a day 
will usually bring relief. 

A physic should be given every other day and a 
sloppy diet fed. If the inflammation is severe a hot 
water pack or cloths wrung out of hot water may be 
applied. 

Piles 

This trouble is not uncommon among growing pigs. 
It is often caused by pigs having access to cinder piles, 
soft coal, etc. It may be brought about by constipation 
or diarrhoea. 



90 MoorMan's Hog Book 

SYMPTOMS. 

Only a small part of the mucous membrane may- 
appear. In some cases a tumor which is round, red and 
painful is present. It may swell and finally become 
dry and cracked. 

TREATMENT. 

Remove the cause, taking soft coal, cinders, etc., 
away. G-ive a laxative. Vaseline, lard or anything 
which will be healing to the affected part should be 
applied. 

Other Diseases 

There are various other diseases which occur very 
seldom, as of the urinary organs, or spleen, or heart, 
whose symptoms are so obscure that it is not considered 
practical to treat them in a work of this kind. 



Use MoorMan's Mineral Mixture right in 
self-feeders and constipation will be taken care 
of properly. 



M o o R M A N ' s Hog Book 



91 



PART FOUR 



INSTRUCTIONS 
For Using MoorMan's Mineral Mixture 




Before Beginning to Use MoorMan's Mineral Mixture, Remove all Salt, 
Ashes, Coal and Charcoal. This is Very Important. 



92 



MoorMan's Hog Book 




o c'-S g 
QOS I 

"O 4) fe Li 
c >-« ~ 

l3 «i «^ 

b 4^ w. £ 
2 J3 CO > 

— < c o « 



MoorMan's Hog Book 



93 




Unless Your Hogs are About Ready for the Market It Will Pay You 
to Give Them a Force-feed; instructions for Which are Found on 
Page 95. 




When You First Begin to Use MoorMan's Mineral Mixture Put One- 
fourth of a Pound Per Hog in Your Feeders. After That Keep Plenty 
in the Feeders at All Times. This is the Most Economical Way to Use 
MoorMan's Mineral Mixture. It will Cost You Less in the Long Run 
to Keep Plenty in the Feeders at All Times. They Actually Eat Less 
Than When Used Periodically. 



94 



M o o R M A N ' s Hog Book 







Keep All Cobs and Sticks Removed From the Troughs of the Feeders 




Occasionally Oil the Hinges to Keep Them From Rusting and Sticking 



MoorMan's Hog Book 95 

FORCE FEED FIRST 

By "Force-feed" we mean that hogs are to be 
forced to eat MoorMan's Mineral Mixture or a combi- 
nation of MoorMan's Mineral Mixture and Worm Ex- 
peller together with their feed for one or more feeds. 

If you have never used MoorMan's Mineral Mix- 
ture or if you have been using it and your feeders have 
been empty two or three weeks, the first thing you 
should do by all means is to give your hogs a force-feed 
according to instructions below. .This is always the 
first thing to do even though your hogs are apparently 
in prime condition. This will give your hogs a good 
start, making them begin to do better at once. 

CONSTIPATION IS THE HOG'S WORST ENEMY- 
FIGHT IT. 

To be healthy, all hogs' bowels must move freely 
and the droppings should be soft enough to mash out on 
the ground when it falls. Use MoorMan's Mineral Mix- 
ture in self-feeders constantly and this trouble will be 
taken care of. 

FORCE FEED No. 1 

Give all Wormy, Constipated and Unthrifty Hogs and 
Pigs Just Weaned the Following Treatment 

Keep all feed, including grass, away from all hogs 
for from 24 to 36 hours. They should be put in a lot or 



If you ever want service in connection with 
the use of MoorMan's Mineral Mixture, wire, 
'phone, or write the man in charge of your 
county or direct to the Company at Quincy, 111. 



96 



M oo R M A N 's Hog Book 



pen, not a pasture. During this time put enough of 
MoorMan's Mineral Mixture in the drinking water to 
give each ten head about one quart in a day. Separate 
the larger ones from the smaller ones. Feed each group 
separately. Provide plenty of trough space for all hogs. 

The following table shows you exactly the amount 
of feed, worm expeller and mineral mixture to be given 
ten head of hogs of any and all sizes at one feed. After 
hogs have been kept off feed for 24 to 36 hours, give 
three feeds of the amounts shown below. Mix thor- 
oughly with feed. Give one in the morning, one at 
noon and another at night. 



ONE FEED 

for 10 bead of hogs 
weight as below 



About 40 lbs. 
About 60 lbs. 
About 90 lbs. 
About 125 lbs. 
About 165 lbs. 
or over. 



Amount of Moor- 


Man's Mineral Mix- 


ture to be used 


1/4 qt. 


1/3 qt. 


1/2 qt. 


3/4 qt. 


3/4 qt. 



Amount of Moor- 



Amount of soaked 

, ,- „, oats or mill feed to 

Man's Hog Worm i ^e used. (If shelled 

Expeller to be | corn is used give 

jjgeij . only one-half this 

i quantity.) 



1/4 qt. 
1/3 qt. 
1/2 qt. 

3/4 qt. 
1 qt. 



1 gal. 
1^2 gal. 

2 gal. 
2 gal. 
2% gal. 



After giving a feed as above, morning, noon and 
night, follow the next morning by giving from one to 
two quarts of MoorMan's Mineral Mixture depending 
upon the size of hogs, to each ten head mixed with the 
amount of feed used in one of the three feeds the day 
before. 

Give no other feed during the day than that which 
you give with the Mineral Mixture. 

Never use sweet milk as a feed in force feeding. 
Slop may be used instead of the feed shown. Soaked 
oats are preferable and should be given with a small 
amount of shorts. Always dampen or soak any feed be- 



MoorMan's Hog Book 97 

fore putting the mineral mixture with it. ALWAYS 
SOAK OATS when given to pigs or shoats. 

If your hogs are so badly constipated as to not be 
thoroughly loosened by this treatment, repeat same 
the next day and increase amount of MoorMan's Min- 
eral Mixture and Worm Expeller. In extreme cases, the 
amount may be doubled. Even if the bowels are loos- 
ened but the hogs do not show signs of decided improve- 
ment or the worms expelled the same treatment may be 
repeated in ten days or two weeks. 

Put the hogs back on their full feed gradually. 

Never force-feed pregnant sows or suckling pigs. 

Always follow a ''force-feed" by immediately put- 
ting MoorMan's Mineral Mixture before all hogs in 
feeders exactly as we suggest in our instructions for 
using it in feeders. 

FORCE-FEED No. 2. 

For many years some of the biggest users of Moor- 
Man's Mineral Mitxure have depended upon giving it 
alone in the form of a force -feed as a worm expeller for 
constipation and as an aid in straightening out un- 
thrifty hogs. 

The following table will show you the quantity of 
MoorMan's Mineral Mixture that should be used when 
it is given alone for TEN HEAD of hogs of any and all 
sizes. This should be repeated TWO or THREE times 
about TWELVE hours apart. 

We also strongly urge giving this treatment to 
hogs in apparently prime condition before the mineral 
mixture is put before them in feeders unless they are 
given * 'force-feed" No 1, or unless they are hogs about 
ready for the market and are not sick. 



98 



MoorMan's Hog Book 



One feed for 10 head, 
weight as below 


Amount of MoorMan's 

Mineral Mixture to be 

used 

Vi qt. 


Amo 
mill 
shell 
only 


unt of soaked oats or 
feed to be used. (If 

3d corn is used give 
one-half this quantity) 


About 40 lbs. 


1 gal. 


About 60 lbs. 


% qt. 




11/2 gal. 


About 90 lbs. 


I qt. 




2 gal. 


About 125 lbs. 


11/2 qt. 




2 gal. 


About 165 lbs. 


2 qt. 




21/2 gal. 


or over 









Give no other feed during the day than that which 
is given with the mineral mixture. Put all hogs back on 
feed gradually. 

Always follow any ''force-feed" by putting Moor- 
Man's Mineral Mixture before all hogs in self feeders 
exactly according to the following instructions. 

HOW TO USE MOORMAN'S MINERAL MIXTURE 
IN SELF FEEDERS. 

Always begin immediately to use MoorMan's Min- 
eral Mixture in self-feeders after giving any kind of a 
* 'force-feed." 

Remove all salt, ashes, coal or charcoal from the 
lot, pen or field they are using. Measure out a half gal- 
lon of MoorMan's Mineral Mixture to every twelve 
good-sized hogs. If they are young pigs, weighing about 
SO lbs., give one-half to two-thirds this amount. It is 
preferable that this quantity of mineral mixture be put 
in troughs and in the troughs of MoorMan's Mineral 
Mixture Self-feeders. If troughs are not available, put 
in small piles on the feeding place. Do not put it on the 
ground. If you have no troughs or feeding place, then 
put all of it in the feeder or feeders. 

If the hogs eat just enough of the mineral mixture 
to keep their bowels in a good condition, then fill the 
feeder or feeders and keep the mixture in the feeders 



MoorMan's Hog Book 99 

every single day. Your guide in using MoorMan's Min- 
eral Mixture is to make sure that the hog's bowels are 
in perfect condition. The bowels should move freely 
and the droppings should be soft enough to easily mash 
out on the ground as it falls. The several ingredients in 
the mineral mixture are so proportioned as to give the 
hogs the right amount of each, when he gets enouh of 
the Mineral Mixture to keep his bowels in this condi- 
tion. 

In some very few extreme cases, when hogs have 
not been used to a mineral mixture such as ours, they 
may at first eat more than is necessary. In this case, 
continue to put a small amount each day or two in 
troughs or in small piles on the feeding place so all can 
get at it and get used to it.^Then when they have be- 
come accustomed to it, keep it in feeders constantly. 
Place the feeder or feeders on or near the feeding place 
or near their watering place." 

When hogs do not eat MoorMan's Mineral Mixture 
readily it is because they are not used to it. Make sure 
all salt, ashes, coal and charcoal have been removed. 
Also that they do not have access to tankage in a sep- 
arate feeder. If they do not then begin eating it at 
once, put some in piles on the feeding place or in 
troughs until they have gotten a taste and then let them 
run to it in self-feeders. 

The most inexpensive way of using MoorMan's 
Mineral Mixture is to keep it in self-feeders before 
them every single day. When fed periodially hogs will 
eat more of it than they will when it is kept in feeders 
before them all the time. 

When you feed tankage mix one part MoorMan's 
Mineral Mixture with three parts tankage. Do not try 
to use the mineral mixture in a separate feeder. 



100 MoorMan's Hog Book 

TREATMENT FOR SICK HOaS. 

For Cholera symptoms, see page 49. In case of 
Cholera, swine plague or any other contagious, infec- 
tious disease, call in your local veterinarian. 

Entire herds of hogs or parts of herds frequently 
get sick and no one seems to be able to tell what the 
trouble is. It may be the result of a sudden binding up 
of the bowels or any one of a half dozen other causes. 
When hogs get in this shape and do not show positive 
signs of cholera, hemorrhagic septicaemia or swine 
plague, give them the following treatment: 

This treatment is for sick hogs that do not have the 
hog cholera, swine plague or hemorrhagic septicaemia. 
If some few of them should have either one of these dis- 
eases, especially cholera, the physic resulting from the 
following treatment may cause extra sickness or even 
death in a few cases, but these hogs would have died 
anyway and would not have responded to serum treat- 
ment, consequently, there is no loss as a result of this 
treatment. 

Remove all well hogs to clean, disinfected quarters, 
which have not been used by the sick hogs. Before put- 
ting them in this pen, lot or field, crowd them into a 
small pen, the floor of which is covered with straw, and 
thoroughly soak hogs and straw with MoorMan's Stock 
Dip and Disinfectant, mixed one part Dip to 50 parts 



If you ever want service in connection with 
the use of MoorMan's Mineral Mixture, wire, 
phone or write the man in charge of your county 
or direct to the Company at Quincy, 111. 



MoorM AN ' s Hog Book 101 

water. Leave them in this close pen for an hour or two. 
This will disinfect their bodies. Watch them and if any 
fall, drag them to the open. 

Keep all feed away from them for about 24 hours. 
Then give 2^2 pounds, or more if hogs are very large, of 
MoorMan's Mineral Mixture mixed with a very small 
amount of swill, slop or ground feed to each ten head. 
Repeat this dose every six or twelve hours for as many 
as three feeds. This may make a few sick but will not 
injure any. Follow by using the Mineral Mixture in the 
feeder. Take about a week or ten days in putting them 
back on full feed. 

Thoroughly soak the sick hogs with the same solu- 
tion of MoorMan's Stock Dip and Disinfectant, and let 
them remain in the lot all the hogs were using. Give 
them exactly the same treatment that we advise giving 
the well hogs. 

If any of the well hogs get sick, put them in with 
the sick ones. When the sick hogs get well, thoroughly 
disinfect them and put them in with the well hogs. It 
should take- a week or ten days to get them back on full 
feed. Always burn any hogs that die. 

The foregoing treatment has saved many thou- 
sands of hogs. It will not cure cholera, for MoorMan's 
Mineral Mixture is not a cholera cure. It simply proves 
that there are many other diseases besides cholera. 

How to drench a hog. All sick hogs that refuse to 
eat should be drenched in the following manner: Hold 
each hog by the ears and raise its foreparts until it is 
forced to sit upright on the ground between your legs. 
Place a stick about two inches in diameter in the mouth 
and give MoorMan's Mineral Mixture mixed with 
liquid in a long-necked bottle. One quart of MoorMan's 



102 MoorMan's Hog Book 

Mineral Mixture should be mixed with one gallon of 
warm liquid and a quart of this preparation given to 
each hog. Do not force, or allow a hog to swallow while 
squealing. Repeat this dose every six to twelve hours 
until a thorough physic is effected. 

Another good way to get the liquid down a hog is to 
pour it. Place a piece of rubber hose or the toe of an 
old shoe with a hole in it, in his mouth and then pour 
the liquid down through this improvised instrument. 

LUNG TROUBLE. 

In case of any kind of lung trouble, fasten all hogs 
in a close pen or stall, the floor of which is covered with 
straw. Make sure there are no drafts. Mix one part of 
MoorMan's Stock Dip and Disinfectant with 50 parts 
water, and soak the hogs and straw thoroughly. Be 
sure that you watch them closely for about an hour 
after you give this treatment. If any of them begin to 
weaken, remove them immediately. They should be 
made to walk about on the straw and breathe the odor 
of the disinfectant. This seems to bring immediate re- 
lief. Repeat the spraying about every six hours, watch- 
ing them each time after spraying. Repeat this treat- 
ment until they are relieved. 

Do not give them any feed, but give plenty of 
water. Put enough of MoorMan's Mineral Mixture in 
the water to give each ten head about a quart of the 
Mineral Mixture every day. This will keep the bowels 
perfectly loose. A marked improvement in their condi- 
tion will be noticed at once. Do not permit them to 
chill. 

Put them back on feed slowly, making sure that 
they have warm sleeping quarters and plenty of dry 
straw for bedding. 



MoorMan's Hog Book 103 

THUMPS. 

Keep all hogs affected in a pen to themselves. Keep 
airfeed away from them twenty-four hours and give 
two or three feeds, six or twelve hours apart, of two 
pounds of MoorMan's Mineral Mixture mixed with a 
small amount of dampened oats or mill feed to each ten 
head. Put them back on feed slowly, making sure that 
they get enough of MoorMan's Mineral Mixture 
through the feeder to keep their bowels perfectly loose. 

YOUNG PIGS. 

Let the pigs have the Mineral Mixture with their 
mother as early as they will eat anything. A week or 
ten days after they are weaned, give them the Worm 
Treatment found on page 95 under Force Feed No. 1. 
MoorMan's Mineral Mixture will not always prevent 
the accumulation of worms in pigs as the sweet milk 
obtained from the mother tends to counteract the worm 
expeller that is in the mineral mixture. 

Following the Worm Treatment, allow them to 
continue to eat the Mineral Mixture out of the Feeder, 
and see that from the start they eat enough of the 
Mineral Mixture to keep their bowels open. Let this be 
your guide. 

In force feeding small pigs, do not use oats unless 
well ground and thoroughly soaked. 



When dealing with the Moorman Mfg. Co., 
you get two values — high-quality goods and sat- 
isfactory service. 



104 MoorMan's Hog Book 

BROOD SOWS. 

About two weeks before brood sows are bred they 
should be given two light force feeds of MoorMan's 
Mineral Mixture as follows: Cause them to miss one 
feed, then give one pound of MoorMan's Mineral Mix- 
ture thoroughly mixed with dampened oats, slop or 
dampened mill feed to every ten head. Repeat this in 
from six to twelve hours. Then put MoorMan's Min- 
eral Mixture before them in MoorMan's Mineral Mix- 
ture Self-feeder. See that they eat enough of the Min- 
eral Mixture to keep their bowels open. This is to be 
your only guide. Keep the Mineral Mixture before 
them in this way throughout their state of pregnancy 
and until the pigs are weaned. 

If sows are pregnant when you begin using Moor- 
Man's Mineral Mixture get them used to it gradually. 
To start with give a quart of the Mineral Mixture 
to ten sows in troughs or in small piles on the feeding' 
place. Do not put it on the ground. Repeat this for two 
or three days and if it seems to be all they want then 
put a few gallons in a feeder. If they seem to be satis- 
fied by eating just enough to keep their bowels loose 
enough for the droppings to mash out on the ground 
when it falls then fill the feeder and continue to use the 
mineral mixture through the feeder making sure you 
never let it become empty. 

If sows have an unnatural appetite and eat so much 
of MoorMan's Mineral Mixture as to cause the bowels 
to be kept too loose then continue to feed a quart a day 
in slop, swill or dry in a trough to each ten head. 

Never give pregnant sows a force feed of Moor- 
Man's Mineral Mixture. 



MoorMan's Hog Book 105 

WHITE SCOURS IN PIGS. 

Clean out and disinfect the sleeping quarters. Pro- 
vide plenty of dry bedding and make sure the floor of 
the bed is dry. Keep both the sows and pigs in the sun- 
shine as much as possible. 

TREATMENT FOR THE SOWS. Give 34 of a 
quart of MoorMan's Mineral Mixture to the sows 
mixed with a small amount of feed or in slop or swill 
every night and morning for three or four days. Follow 
this by allowing them to have free access to the mineral 
mixture in the feeders. 

TREATMENT FOR THE PIGS. If the foregoing 
treatment fails to check the scouring in the pigs in two 
or three days or if you see at the start it is a severe case 
then give each pig three drops of laudanum twice daily 
until relieved. This laudanum treatment should always 
be given in case of weaned or motherless pigs. 

If MoorMan's Mineral Mixture is given to brood 
sows during and after pregnancy in feeders white 
scours will be prevented in nearly every case. 

HOW TO USE MOORMAN'S MINERAL MIXTURE 
WITH TANKAGE. 

Do not in any case attempt to feed tankage in one 
feeder and use MoorMan's Mineral Mixture in another 
at the same time. Mix the two in the proportion of one 
part Mineral Mixture to three parts tankage. If this is 
not the proper proportion, to keep the bowels perfectly 
loose, then increase or decrease as is necessary. Let this 
be your guide. 



106 MoorMan's Hog Book 

HOW TO USE MOORMAN'S MINERAL MIXTURE 
IN SWILL OR SLOP. 

If you are feeding swill or slop daily it provides a 
good way to use MoorMan's Mineral Mixture. Usually 
one-half gallon of the Mineral Mixture to fifty gallons 
of the liquid is the correct proportion. The exact quan- 
tity of the Mineral Mixture used, depends upon the 
size of the hogs being fed. Put in enough each day toi 
keep their bowels perfectly loose. Let this be your 
guide. 

BREAKING DOWN IN THE BACK. 

(See complete discussion of this subject on pages 
59 and 60.) 

Give all hogs a good physic by mixing the Mineral 
Mixture with the food in quantities of % of a pound 
each to those weighing less than 100 pounds. To those 
weighing over 100 pounds give each i/4 of a pound. If 
they will not eat try giving ^4 of a pound to each hog* 
mixed in the drinking water. If you are unable to get a 
physic in this way drench each hog that is down giving 
% pound to each. 

Keep the bowels perfectly loose for several days 
following this treatment by keeping the Mineral Mix- 
ture before them in the feeder or in the drinking water 
or in the feed. 

HOW TO USE MOORMAN'S MINERAL MIXTURE 
BEFORE AND AFTER VACCINATION. 

It is very important to use MoorMan's Mineral 
Mixture in connection with vaccinating hogs for two or 
three days before they are vaccinated. Be sure to let 
them have enough of the mineral mixture either in 



MoorMan's Hog Book 107 

their feed or in a feeder to keep their bowels perfectly- 
loose. If you should find it hard to get them to eat 
enough of the mineral mixture to loosen their bowels 
perfectly, take them off of feed for twenty-four hours 
and thoroughly mix one quart and a half in some kind 
of ground feed for each ten head weighing 100 lbs. Re- 
duce or increase the quantity according to the size of 
the hog. This dose may be repeated two or three times 
every twelve hours if it is necessary in order to loosen 
the bowels of all hogs. 

After the vaccination, keep the Mineral Mixture 
before the hogs in feeders. Make sure they are getting 
enough of the Mineral Mixture to keep their bowels 
thoroughly loosened. 

BLACK SCOURS IN PIGS. 

Many of our representatives have reported cases of 
black scours in pigs. It sometimes appears after they 
have been weaned. At the first signs of this disease, 
take all corn away from the pigs and begin feeding 
them shorts or mill feed and put enough of MoorMan's 
Mineral Mixture in their feed or water to make their 
bowels perfectly loose. Make sure that all quarters are 
dry and clean. A few days or a week or two of this kind 
of feeding and treating usually straightens them out. 



108 MoorMan's Hog Book 

LEGAL WEIGHTS OF VARIOUS FARM PRODUCTS. 

Minimum Weight by U. S. Statute. 

Pounds 
Per Bu. 

Apples 48 

Apples, dried 24 

Barley 48 

Beans, Castor 46 

Beans, white 60 

Bluegrass seed 14 

Bran „ 20 

Buckwheat 52 

Clover seed 60 

Coal 80 

Corn, shelled 56 

Corn, on the ear 70 

Cornmeal '. 48 

Flaxseed 56 

Hair, plastering 8 

Hemp seed : .44 

Hungarian grass seed 45 

Lime 80 

Malt : 38 

Millet seed 50 

Oats : 32 

Onions 57 

Peaches, dried 33 

Peas : 60 

Peas, ground .. - - 42 

Potatoes, Irish 60 

Potatoes, sweet 55 

Rye 56 

Timothy seed 45 

Turnips 55 

Wheat .. 60 



If you ever want service in connection with 
the use of MoorMan's Mineral Mixture, wire, 
phone or write the man in charge of your county 
or direct to the Company at Quincy, 111. 



